高能束流加工技术在航空领域的应用进展  

Application progress of power beam processing technology in aeronautical industry

作　　者：李志强 陈玮 LI Zhiqiang;CHEN Wei(AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute,Beijing 100024,China;Key Laboratory of Power Beam Processing,Beijing 100024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航空制造技术研究院,北京100024 [2]高能束流加工技术重点实验室,北京100024

出　　处：《航空学报》2022年第4期47-59,共13页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

摘　　要：以激光/电子束为代表的高能束流加工是航空装备研制中不可或缺的技术,也是当今先进制造技术发展的前沿领域。本文分别介绍了高能束流加工技术在航空结构的焊接、增材制造、表面改性中的应用:激光/电子束焊接实现了飞行器大尺寸机身结构与航空发动机结构的整体化。激光/电子束增材制造实现了复杂结构的轻量化与快速成形,并广泛应用于发动机叶片修复。在表面改性方面,激光冲击强化大幅改善了航空结构的疲劳性能;超快激光可用于涡轮叶片气膜孔的高精度制备以及表面微纳功能结构的制备;电子束加工出的表面尖峰大幅提升了金属-复材接头的强度。最后,从新材料、新结构、加工过程质量监控这3个方向对高能束流加工技术的发展趋势进行了展望。Power beam(laser/electron beam)processing is an indispensable technology in the aeronautical industry,and is also the frontier of advanced manufacturing research.This paper introduces welding,additive manufacturing,surface modification using laser/electron beam.Laser/electron beam welding help achieve the integration of aircraft fuselage and aeroengine structure.Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing is used in the rapid manufacturing of complicated structure and repairing of engine blades.In the area of surface modification,laser peening greatly improves structure fatigue life;ultra-fast laser has made hole-drilling on turbine blades and nano-scale surface structure possible.Bonding strength between metal-composite is significantly enhanced when electron beam sufi-sculpt is applied on metal surface.In the final section,the future development of power beam processing technology is also discussed based on new materials,new structures,and process monitoring.

关 键 词：激光 电子束 焊接 增材制造 表面改性 

分 类 号：V263[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]