中国人的头面部形态特征  

Morphological characteristics of Chinese head and face

作　　者：李咏兰[1,2] 张兴华 孙泽阳[3] 宇克莉[3] 包金萍[4] 郑连斌[3] LI Yonglan;ZHANG Xinghua;SUN Zeyang;YU Keli;BAO Jinping;ZHENG Lianbin(College of Life Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022;College of Ethnology and Anthropology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022;College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity,Tianjin 300387;Institute of Sports Science,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022 [2]内蒙古师范大学民族学人类学学院,呼和浩特010022 [3]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津市动物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,天津300387 [4]天津师范大学体育科学学院,天津300387

出　　处：《人类学学报》2022年第3期450-462,共13页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30830062,31271283,31401022,31460270,31671245,31771329)。

摘　　要：目前,中国人群头型、面型、鼻型、唇型、耳型尚未见大样本的资料报道。我们测量了中国115个族群的63449例头面部指标值,计算了头长宽指数等7项指数值,进行了指数与年龄的相关分析、年龄组间的方差分析,以及指数与纬度、年平均温度的相关分析。采用主成分分析方法研究了7个年龄组指数值。相关分析显示,随着年龄增长,中国人头型变得更长一些,更低一些;面变得更窄一些,鼻翼更宽一些,唇更薄些,耳变得更细长些。主成分分析结果也证实了这种规律。相关分析结果表明,随纬度的增大,中国人男性、女性头长宽指数、形态面指数值增大,鼻指数、容貌耳指数值减小。随年平均温度的升高,中国人男性、女性头面部头长宽指数、头长高指数、形态面指数值减小,鼻指数、容貌耳指数值增大。中国人头长宽指数的圆头型率、中头型率较高。男性、女性头长高指数均以高头型为主,头宽高指数均以狭头型率最高,形态面指数以超狭面型率最高。超过一半的人鼻指数为中鼻型,其次为狭鼻型。At present,there has not been a large sample report on the head,face,nose,lip and ear shapes in Chinese population.We completed a cephalo-facial measurement on 63,449 individuals from 115 ethnic groups and calculated seven cephalometric indexes,such as length breadth index of head(LBIH)and so on.The relationship between the above-mentioned indexes and age as well as correlation among indexes,average year temperature and latitude were explored.The principal component analysis was utilized to study the index values of seven age groups.Our data presents that with an increased age,the head of Chinese people is becoming longer and lower accompanied by narrower face,wider nose wider,thinner lips and longer ears,which is also proved by the principal component analysis.The correlation analysis results show that with the increase of latitude,length-breadth index of head(LBIH),morphological facial index(MFI),derived from Chinese men and women increase,while height-breadth index of nose(HBIN)and physiognomic index of ear(PIE)decrease.With the increase of annual mean temperature,length-height index of head(LHIH),breadth-height index of head(BHIH),morphological facial index(MFI)tend to drop with an elevation of HBIN and PIE values in both female and male cases.Chinese male and female have a higher rate of brachycephaly and mesocephaly by LBIH.Both male and female are mainly hypsicephalic by LHIH,acrocephalic by BHIH and hyperleptoprosopy by MFI.More than half of people is mesorrhiny by HBIN,followed by leptorrhiny.

关 键 词：中国 头型 面型 头面部指数 年龄 

分 类 号：Q983[生物学—人类学]