历史记录下美国内战后的南方农业——留置权制度的产生及影响  

Historical Records of the Southern Agriculture after the American Civil War: The Emergence and Influence of Lien System

作　　者：王明南 余张飞 WANG Mingnan;YU Zhangfei(Sichuan University of Arts and Science Archive,Dazhou Sichuan 635000,China;Sichuan University of Arts and Science School of Intelligent Manufacturing,Dazhou Sichuan 635000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川文理学院档案馆,四川达州635000 [2]四川文理学院智能制造学院,四川达州635000

出　　处：《四川文理学院学报》2022年第4期116-121,共6页Sichuan University of Arts and Science Journal

摘　　要：十九世纪后半期,伴随美国内战后的南方金融崩溃,其农业领域中的分成制逐步被留置权制度所取代,成为盘剥南方小农的主流经济组织与信贷形式。缺乏资金的自耕农、佃农等群体无法从金融机构取得信贷支持,只能通过乡村商人或者大种植园主等赊购其必须的生产生活用品,其代价便是以将来农业收获作物为抵押,同时承受债权人为盈利和转嫁信贷风险而要求的高额借贷利率。留置权制度下,债权人热衷于要求债务人种植棉花,加之沉重的经济负担,不仅造成大批小农破产,而且导致美国南方农业走上单一种植棉花的畸形道路,减缓了美国南方农业现代化发展的步伐。In the second half of the 19th century,with the financial collapse of the South after the American Civil War,the sharing system in the agricultural field was gradually replaced by the lien system and became the mainstream economic organization and credit form of exploiting small farmers in the South.Landowner,tenant and other groups who lacked funds could not obtain credit support from financial institutions.They could only buy their necessary production and daily necessities on credit through rural businessmen or large planters.The price was to take the future agricultural harvest crops as collateral,and bore the high loan interest rate required by creditors to make profits and transfer credit risks.Under the lien system,the creditor was keen to ask the debtor to plant cotton.Coupled with the heavy economic burden,a large number of small farmers went bankrupt and the Southern agriculture became an abnormal path of single cotton planting,which slowed down the pace of agricultural modernization in the southern United States.

关 键 词：留置权制度 南方农业 资金 信贷 棉花 

分 类 号：K712.44[历史地理—历史学]