碳市场链接的国际法律空洞化问题与中国对策  

Legal hollowing-out of carbon market linkages and China’s response

作　　者：江莉[1] 曾文革[1] JIANG Li;ZENG Wenge(Law School,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2022年第6期22-29,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“人类命运共同体理念下巴黎协定实施机制构建研究”(批准号:20BFX210);四川省社会科学规划项目“欧盟‘碳中和’立法及其启示研究”(批准号:SC21FZ023)。

摘　　要：沿着《巴黎协定》设定的路径,格拉斯哥气候大会为碳市场链接做出了重要贡献,制定了围绕ITMOs和A6.4ERs对接碳交易的国际性规范文件。但随着“第6.2条合作方法”与“第6.4条机制”下碳市场多边、双边链接轮廓的浮现,义务分配模糊、减量机制弱化与核算转化粗糙的法律空洞化问题也愈发凸显。解构此时代性症结,须将先验的非实在法因素排除在外,遵循条文逻辑解释并省思规范之本身。透过规则作用下国际法律关系的解读,关注未来治理秩序的演变对中国产生的实质影响,如是观察进一步将视线聚焦到问题所造成的难题,即链接角色不明、碳信用供给失控与交易权属不清。在国内全国碳市场营运开启与国际碳市场链接倍受期待的双重背景下,中国有必要坚持统筹国内国际两个大局,铺陈中国价值诉求与国际正义共识基础之上的建构路径。具体而言:制定“第6.2条合作方法”下双边链接示范协定与“第6.4条机制”下链接交易合同范本,明确链接主体权利义务关系;强化链接市场碳信用核发的促进机制与遵约机制,提升碳信用授权签发规则的标准化与透明度水平,创制链接碳市场碳信用供给规则;将链接法律制度纳入《碳排放权交易管理办法》等现行规范并关联司法审查,预留碳排放单位的权利类型空间但确认其资产属性,规定碳信用权属关系与权利人确权要件,建立以来源为基准的碳信用分级分类转化规则,推动“第6.2条合作方法”下双边转化条款与“第6.4条机制”下多边转化规则的达成,增强链接市场交易的正当性与体系性。Following the path set by the Paris Agreement,the Glasgow Climate Conference made an important contribution to carbon market linkages by developing an international normative document on trading ITMOs and A6.4ERs.However,with the emergence of multilateral and bilateral carbon market linkage patterns under the‘Article 6.2 cooperation approach’and‘Article 6.4 mechanism,’the current legal hollowing-out problems manifested by fuzzy obligation distribution,weak reduction mechanisms,and rough accounting transformation have become increasingly prominent.In order to deconstruct the crux of the times,it is necessary to exclude the transcendental non-positive legal factors,to interpret the legal provisions in accordance with the legal logic,and to reflect on the legal norms themselves.Through the interpretation of legal relations under the effect of international legal norms,this study focuses on the substantial impact of the future evolution of the order of governance on China.Such observations further focus on the dilemma caused by the problem,namely,the unclear roles of buyers and sellers,the uncontrolled supply of carbon credits,and the unclear ownership of transactions.Under the background of the initial opening of the national carbon market and the gradual formation of the international carbon market,it is necessary for China to adhere to the overall consideration of both domestic and international situations and lay out the construction path based on China’s value demands and the international consensus of justice.Specifically,we should formulate model bilateral agreements under‘Article 6.2 cooperation approach’and model contracts under‘Article 6.4 mechanism’to clarify the rights and obligations between subjects.We should strengthen the promotion mechanism and compliance mechanism of carbon credit issuance in linked markets and improve the standardization and transparency of carbon credit authorization and issuance rules,so as to create carbon credit supply rules in the linked carbon market.We shou

关 键 词：碳市场链接 法律空洞化 “双碳”目标 格拉斯哥气候大会 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D912.6[政治法律—经济法学]