清代皇帝封赠乳母再考  

The Conferment and Reward System for Qing Emperors’ Nannies Reconsidered

作　　者：沈欣[1] Shen Xin

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院科研处

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2022年第5期96-102,137,138,共9页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：清代皇帝的乳母例邀封赠,这在一定程度上可打破其家族原有的性别次序并突破宫廷内部的阶级等次,乳母是宫廷女性中的特殊群体。清帝乳母被册封自顺治帝乳母起,然自乾隆朝开始,皇帝有意将封赠乳母之事从官修史书中隐去,以致人们留有乾隆及后世清帝不再封赠乳母的印象。事实上,乾隆至咸丰帝均给予乳母封赠,同治、宣统幼帝的乳母,留有其姓氏及得到恩赏的记录,但这些信息多深藏于宫廷档案之中。梳理近年披露的档案并辅以相关史料,可归纳清代入关后历朝皇帝乳母姓氏及其获得之封赠,其状况反映出乳母封赠与皇权的强化和衰落有着直接关系。The Qing imperial convention that the emperors’nannies as the special court ladies were titled and rewarded by the emperors brought about the rearrangement of gender order in their families and the ranks of status in the court.Emperor Shunzhi’s(顺治)nanny was the first to be entitled to this honor this way.But,after Emperor Qianlong(乾隆)came to power,the narrations on the cases were intentionally excluded from any official literature on history,which consequently misled the scholars to the idea that the implementation of the routine ended from then on.Yet it actually remained for the periods from Emperor Qianlong(乾隆)to Emperor Xianfeng(咸丰),even the files have been found concerning Emperor Tongzhi’s(同治)and Emperor Xuantong’(宣统)nannies’surnames and the rewards to them,although they mostly are sealed as the confidential documents of the court.The Emperors’giving rewards and titles to their nannies was closely linked to the rise and down of the imperial power,as is analyzed in the thesis by the declassified files of recent years and other materials related.

关 键 词：清代 皇帝 乳母 封赠 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K249[政治法律—中外政治制度]