耶稣会士在清前期欧洲使团来华中的角色  

The Roles Played by the Jesuits in the Events of the Early Qing European Embassies to China

作　　者：陈玉芳 Chen Yufang(School of Humanities,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130024,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院中国史系,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2022年第3期109-119,159,共12页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“《耶稣会士在亚洲》档案文献与16至18世纪中欧交流史研究”(项目批号:19CSS001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：顺治年间,荷兰杯突高啮使团来华,耶稣会士通过破坏荷兰人形象,假借圣意影响朝臣主张等方式,阻挠荷兰与中国建立稳固的贸易关系。康熙年间,葡萄牙撒尔达聂使团来华,耶稣会士协助使节规避可能产生的矛盾和冲突,争取皇帝和官员的好感,并且审时度势,灵活处理同时面临的在京使团、天主教和澳门的问题,为10多年后白勒拉使团来京奏请开放粤澳贸易打下基础。罗马多罗使团来华时,耶稣会士在皇帝和使节中间斡旋调解,但因双方分歧已深,以及使团举措得不到清廷认可而无法阻止关系恶化。耶稣会士在清初中欧使团交往中除了频繁充当翻译、顾问之外,凭借其对中欧双方的深入了解,积极参与其间,实质性地影响到中葡、中荷国家关系的走向,并在清廷与罗马教廷的交往中也扮演了不应忽视的角色。Jesuits in China played important roles in the Sino-Europe diplomatic activities in early Qing period. When the Dutch embassy led by Pieter de Goyer and Jacob de Keyser arrived in China in 1655, in order to prevent Dutch from establishing a stable trade relation with Qing China, the Jesuits not only transmitted a negative image of Dutchmen to the emperor and officials, but also intervened in the decision-making process. When the Manuel Saldanha embassy from Portugal came to Beijing in 1667, the Jesuits assisted them in many ways so as to smooth their diplomatic activities and helped them to impress the emperor and the court officials. In 1701, when Charles Thomas Maillard de Tournon embassy came to Beijing representing the Pope, the Jesuits also made eforts to mediate the relationship, although not successful. In this context, the Jesuits played much more active and important roles than being translators and consultants in the China-Europe communication activities of the Qing period.

关 键 词：耶稣会士 荷兰使团 葡萄牙使团 罗马使团 中西交往 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] K504[历史地理—中国史] B979[哲学宗教—宗教学]