辛亥革命与近代中国的民权政治趋向——以立宪论者的国体政体观念为中心的考察  

The Revolution of 1911 and the Trend of Democratic Politics in Modern China:An Investigation Centering on the Constitutionalists’Conceptions of Forms of State and Government

作　　者：邓华莹 Deng Huaying

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《史学月刊》2022年第6期34-43,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“晚清民初国家类型学说的传播与影响研究”(19CZS049)。

摘　　要：辛亥武昌起义后,清季以来朝野各方争执不下的国体政体走向问题迎来抉择时刻。面对已是大势所趋的民主共和的挑战,希望保留清廷、帝制的立宪论者纷纷援引、调适从日本输入的国体政体理论,或扩充国体政体类型,构建包容帝制的“共和新体”;或辨析国体政体,剥离君位与君权的关联,从而尝试破除君主与民主对立的流行认知。尽管立宪派的国体政体观念纷繁参差,但大都承认统治权属于国民,与革命党的国体政体立场颇有相通之处。这从侧面反映出君权政治已难以自证其正当性,而中国也进入探索如何真正实现主权在民的民权政治的新阶段。After the Wuchang Uprising of 1911,the problem of state form and government form,which had been in dispute since the late Qing dynasty,came to the decision moment.As democracy and republicanism became the dominant trend,the constitutionalists cited and adjusted Japanese theories on forms of state and government to prove that the monarchy could coexist with the republic.They used the argument strategy of redefining the meaning of republicanism and distinguishing form of state from form of government.Although the constitutionalists’conceptions of state form and government form were varied,they all acknowledged that sovereignty belonged to the people,which was similar with the revolutionaries’political stand on the forms of state and government.The consensus between constitutionalists and revolutionaries on the regime problem shows that the shift towards democratic politics had been basically completed at the conceptual level in the Revolution of 1911,and the remaining question was how to realize it.

关 键 词：辛亥革命 共和 国体 政体 统治权 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]