屈原崇拜与汉代新型士人  

On the Worship of Qu Yuan and the New Scholars in the Han Dynasty

作　　者：胡大雷[1] HU Dalei(College of Liberal Arts,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 530013,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学文学院,桂林530013

出　　处：《云梦学刊》2022年第4期65-72,共8页Journal of Yunmeng

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“先秦‘立言’文化与文学”(21FZWA002)。

摘　　要：在汉代,屈原的名声及其作品从楚地走向全国,形成屈原崇拜,这与君王、时代、文人自身的需求与期望密切相关。具体来说有三个方面:其一,屈原既有思想又有理论,汉武帝“变更制度”,“以经术润饰吏事”,正需要此类人才;其二,汉代士人以屈原“忠”而“直言极谏”为从政榜样,又以屈原之“不遇”抒发其“忠而盼遇”之怀抱;其三,汉代文人追认屈原为辞赋创始人,激励自己以“文”而“显名”。汉代的屈原崇拜具有双向意义:时代需要屈原、屈原需要时代,士人以屈原为榜样,在处世、为宦、作文三方面起着非常重要的作用。In the Han Dynasty,Qu Yuan’s reputation and his works were introduced from Chu to the whole country,forming the worship of Quyuan,which is closely related to the needs and expectations of the king,the times,and the literati themselves.Specifically,there are three aspects:First,Qu Yuan had both ideas and theories,Emperor Hanwu’s“to change the institutional”and“to embellish the official affairs with scriptures”was in need of such talent;Second,the scholars of the Han Dynasty took Qu Yuan’s“loyalty”and“straightforward advice”as the model in politics,and expressed their“loyalty and eager to meet a wise monarch”with Qu Yuan’s“failure to meet”;Third,Han Dynasty literati recognized Qu Yuan as the founder of Ci Fu(辞赋),and encouraged themselves to“making a name”by“writing”.The worship of Qu Yuan in the Han Dynasty had bidirectional meanings:the times need Qu Yuan,Qu Yuan needs the times.Taking Qu Yuan as the model,the scholars played a very important role in conduct themselves in the world,being an official and writing.

关 键 词：屈原 变更制度 忠而盼遇 立言不朽 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]