从特殊对应看复合词法中韵律与语义的互动关系  

On Interaction between Prosodic and Semantic in Chinese Compounding Word-formation from Special Correspondence

作　　者：孟凯[1] MENG Kai(Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语国际教育研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《汉语学习》2022年第2期38-47,共10页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目“韵律-结构-语义界面的汉语词法研究”(项目编号:20YJA740032);北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务专项资金,项目编号:20PT01)支持。

摘　　要：结构关系基本相同、中心成分相同、定语成分部分重合的2+1动名定中式复合词与1+1复合词语(如“提货单—提单—货单”)在构词或语义上形成特殊的非均衡对应,有同义对应,也有异义对应。同义对应的影响因素包括隐含—呈现规律、不同韵律词语的语法功能和构词构语能力的差异、中心成分的语义启动作用、不同层级名性成分的语义作用等;异义对应是常态,包括语义性异义(上下义关系、反义关系、语义关系较远)和结构性异义,总体上符合形式与意义的数量相似性原则。不同韵律复合词的特殊对应体现出复合词法中韵律与语义的密切互动关系。This paper finds a kind of unbalanced correspondence in word-formation and semantic between 2+1VN attributive-head compounds and 1+1VN/1+1NN. 2+1 and 1+1have the same syntactic relation and head constituent, and partially same attributive constituent. The synonymous correspondence between 2+1 and 1+1is affected by implication-presentation rules,differences between grammatical function and capability of forming words, semantic activation of the head constituent, and semantic function of nouns in different levels. The non-synonymous correspondence between 2+1 and 1+1 is normal, which includes two types of semantic(hyponymous, antonymous, far semantic relation) and syntactic, and it accords withtheprinciple of quantity similaritybetween form and meaning. The special correspondence between2+1VN attributive-head compounds and 1+1VN/1+1NNreflects the interaction between prosodic and semantic in Chinese compounding word-formation.

关 键 词：词法 复合词 韵律 互动 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]