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作 者:刘寅超 刘仓 邢亚飞 梁馨月 王菲 张伟[2] 韦国平[2] LIU Yin-chao;LIU Cang;XING Ya-fei;LIANG Xin-yue;WANG Fei;ZHANG Wei;WEI Guo-ping(The Eighth Research OJJice,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi"an,Shaanxi 710065,China;不详)
机构地区:[1]兵器工业卫生研究所科研八室,陕西西安710065 [2]西安近代化学研究所
出 处:《中国卫生工程学》2022年第2期185-189,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering
基 金:兵器工业卫生研究所技术基础研究类项目(KY202006)。
摘 要:目的研究采用非标钳形排风罩近距离控制尘毒危害的新思路,为局部排风设施设计方法、罩型选取、样机制作提供参考。方法选取某研究所化学品试制工艺TNT熔混装药工序作为研究对象,采用职业卫生调查、现场检测、气流组织模拟的方法和仿真模拟技术,对其局部排风设施进行设计、改造,对人员作业位TNT浓度、控制风速、钳形排风罩气流组织进行现场检测和发烟测试,并进行分析与评估。结果仿真模拟结果显示,钳形排风罩罩口缝隙宽度80 mm时,罩口风速在8.0 m/s左右,风速、风压分布较为均匀,排风气流能够将有毒气体捕集至钳形罩内。气流组织模拟实验发现,模拟成料桶侧边缘和最远控制点时的发散烟雾,均能被钳形罩的侧吸气流有效捕捉,基本不受环境风的影响。TNT毒物浓度C_(TWA)由0.25 mg/m^(3)降至0.03 mg/m^(3),C_(STEL)由1.3 mg/m^(3)降至0.03 mg/m^(3),人员作业区域的控制风速由0.1 m/s提高至0.27 m/s。结论仿真模拟、气流组织模拟方法与职业卫生检测技术的有机结合,完善了局部排风罩的选型方法,提高了局部排风设施的防护效果,可在尘毒危害源头或近距离控制过程推广使用。Objective This paper aims to explore the new idea of adopting non-standard pincer-shaped exhaust hood to control dust and poison at close range, and provide reference for the design method of local exhaust facility, hood type selection, and prototype production.Methods The TNT melt-blended charging process of a chemical trial production process of a research institute was selected as the research object, and the methods of occupational hygiene investigation, on-site inspection, airflow organization simulation and technology were adopted to design and reform its local exhaust facilities. Personal on-site inspection and smoke generation test on TNT concentration, wind speed control, and airflow organization of the clamp-shaped exhaust hood were analyzed and evaluated. Results The simulation results showed that when the gap width of the pincer-shaped exhaust hood was 80 mm, the wind speed of the hood was about 8.0 m/s, and the wind speed and pressure were more evenly distributed. The exhaust airflow could trap the toxic gas into the pincer-shaped hood. The airflow simulation experiment found that the diverging smoke when simulating the side edge of the barrel and the farthest control point could be effectively captured by the side suction airflow of the clamp-shaped hood, and it was not affected by the environmental wind. The concentration of TNT toxicant C_(TWA) decreased from 0.25 mg/m^(3) to 0.03 mg/m^(3), C_(STEL) decreased from 1.3 mg/m^(3) to 0.03 mg/m^(3), and the control wind speed of the personnel working area increased from 0.1 m/s to 0.27 m/s.Conclusion The organic combination of simulation, airflow organization simulation method and occupational health detection technology improves the selection method of local exhaust hoods and improves the protection effect of local exhaust facilities. It could be promoted and used at the source of dust and poisonous hazards or in close-range control processes.
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