非β-内酰胺类抗菌药物的超敏反应  

Hypersensitivity reactions of non-β-lactam antibiotics

作　　者：于旭红[1] 金海蓉 李巍[2] 徐巧玲[1] Yu Xuhong;Jin Hairong;Li Wei;Xu Qiaoling(Department of Pharmacy,the 305th Hospital of PLA,Beijing 100017,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军第三○五医院药局,北京100017 [2]中国人民解放军第三○五医院心内科,北京100017

出　　处：《中国临床保健杂志》2022年第3期411-414,共4页Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare

基　　金：军队医学科技青年培育计划孵育项目(20QNPY156)。

摘　　要：超敏反应是指人体对某种药物的免疫反应,药物引起免疫或炎症细胞刺激的结果包括药物变态反应、过度药理学反应及假性变态反应,源于免疫或炎症反应增强。根据出现症状或体征的时间来大致分为速发型反应和迟发型反应。β-内酰胺类抗菌药物是常见的导致全身过敏的药物,喹诺酮类、糖肽类、大环内酯类、四环素类、林可霉素、氨基糖苷类等非β-内酰胺类的抗菌药物通常是安全的抗菌药物,但它们也可以发生速发型和迟发型超敏反应。该文通过对非β-内酰胺类抗菌药物超敏反应综述,加强临床对此类抗菌药物超敏反应的认识,提高医护人员对非β-内酰胺类抗菌药物超敏反应的潜在风险意识,避免不良事件的发生,为临床安全合理选用抗菌药物提供帮助。Hypersensitivity reactions,or allergic reactions,are immunologic reactions to a drug.Drug hypersensitivity reactions include allergic,exaggerated pharmacologic,and pseudoallergic reactions to medications that result from an enhanced immunologic or inflammatory response.There are several types of hypersensitivity reactions,which are broadly divided into immediate and delayed reactions,based on the time between administration and the appearance of signs or symptoms.Beta-lactam antibiotics is the most common drug allergy reported by patients and a few other types of antimicrobials also have drug hypersensitivity.While fuoroquinolones,vancomycin,macrolides,tetracyclines,aminoglycosides,clindamycinare generally safe antibiotics,they can induce both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions(HSRs).Here,we reviewed the hypersensitivity of non-β-lactam antibiotics,strengthened the understanding of hypersensitivity of non-β-lactam antibiotics,and improve the awareness of hypersensitivity to non-β-lactam antibiotics,to avoid adverse events,and to provide help for safe and rational selection of antibiotics.

关 键 词：药物过敏 非β-内酰胺酶类 抗药性 细菌 综述 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]