一种改进的气囊隔振装置结构设计及试验研究  

An improved structure designed for an air spring vibration isolation system and its experiment research

作　　者：李步云 帅长庚[1,2] 杨兆豪 LI Buyun;SHUAI Changgeng;YANG Zhaohao(Institute of Noise&Vibration,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China;National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration&Noise,Wuhan 430033,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学振动与噪声研究所,武汉430033 [2]船舶振动噪声重点实验室,武汉430033

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2022年第12期31-35,94,共6页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国防科技研究项目(HJ2019C020499)。

摘　　要：为提升气囊隔振装置低频隔振性能,需要进一步降低系统刚度。该研究提出了一种新型气囊隔振装置设计形式,该结构能够保证隔振系统的静承载能力不变,但刚度实现大幅降低。改进的结构设计是在原系统的结构基础上,引入了万向节与连接结构。在静平衡状态时,万向节不发生转动,引入的新结构不会影响系统的静承载能力。当承载平台发生振动时,引入的新结构改变侧向气囊的变形情况,从而降低系统的刚度。该研究建立了新系统简化的力学模型,推导出系统回复力与位移的关系,并分析了无量纲参数对系统特性的影响。进行了动力学分析,比较了新系统与原系统力传递率特性,结果发现新系统的起始隔振频率远低于原系统。设计、制造了原理样机,并进行试验。理论与试验结果表明:新系统可以近似为一个线性系统,与理论分析相符,且隔振系统的刚度最大可下降75%;该结构设计能够有效减低系统刚度,从而提升隔振系统隔振能力。To reduce the stiffness of a vibration isolation system is a fundamental way to improve the ability of low frequency vibration isolation.In this paper,a new structure of an air spring vibration isolation system was proposed.The structure can ensure the static bearing capacity unchanged,but the stiffness is greatly reduced.The new system introduces a universal joint and a connection structure on the basis of the original system.In the static equilibrium state,the universal joint does not rotate,and the new structure will not affect the static bearing capacity of the system.As the bearing platform vibrates,the new structure changes the deformation of the lateral air springs,thus reduces the stiffness of the system.In this paper,a simplified model of the new system was established,and the relationship between the restoring force and displacement was derived.The influence of dimensionless parameters was analyzed.The results show that the vibration isolation frequency of the new system is much lower than that of the original system.The principle prototype was designed and manufactured,and the test was carried out.The experimental results show that the new system can be approximated as a linear system,which is consistent with the theoretical analysis,and the stiffness of the vibration isolation system is reduced by about 75%.The theoretical and experimental results show that the structural design can effectively reduce the stiffness and improve the vibration isolation ability.

关 键 词：气囊 隔振装置 结构设计 低刚度设计 

分 类 号：TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]