毛乌素沙地植被不同恢复阶段植物群落物种多样性、功能多样性和系统发育多样性  

Species diversity,functional diversity,and phylogenetic diversity in plant communities at different phases of vegetation restoration in the Mu Us sandy grassland

作　　者：姜晓燕 高圣杰 蒋燕 田赟[1,3] 贾昕[1,2,3] 查天山 Xiaoyan Jiang;Shengjie Gao;Yan Jiang;Yun Tian;Xin Jia;Tianshan Zha(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Yanchi Ecological Research Station of the Mu Us Desert,Beijing 100083;Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《生物多样性》2022年第5期15-25,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32071843;31901366,32071842);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(PTYX202122,PTYX202123)。

摘　　要：进入21世纪以来,中国荒漠化恢复取得显著成效,荒漠化、沙化土地面积持续减少,植被覆盖度大幅提升,但关于植被恢复过程中生物多样性如何变化的研究不足,这制约着对荒漠化恢复成效的全面评估。本文基于群落调查和叶功能性状(叶片厚度、叶片干物质含量、比叶面积和叶片密度)的测定,分析了毛乌素沙地不同恢复阶段(半固定沙地、固定沙地、结皮覆盖沙地和草本植物覆盖沙地)的植物群落物种多样性、功能多样性和系统发育多样性特征。结果表明:(1)多数叶功能性状的系统发育信号不显著,表明环境因子对研究区植物功能性状的塑造作用很强。(2)对于α多样性,结皮覆盖沙地的物种多样性(Shannon-Wiener多样性,H)、物种丰富度(S)、功能丰富度(FRic)及系统发育多样性(PD)指数均显著低于其他恢复阶段,而其他3个阶段间无显著差异;这些指数间均显著正相关,表明物种多样性、功能多样性和系统发育多样性在植被恢复过程中协同变化。(3)β多样性指数随恢复阶段间隔增加而逐渐增大,表明物种组成、功能属性及系统发育关系随植被恢复持续变化,且半固定沙地到固定沙地的群落物种组成、功能属性及系统发育关系更替最快,导致群落间差异最大。(4)固定沙地、结皮覆盖沙地和草本植物覆盖沙地群落系统发育结构均趋向于发散,表明竞争排斥是群落构建的主要驱动力;而半固定沙地群落系统发育结构无一致规律,表明群落构建可能受到生境过滤和竞争排斥的综合作用。研究结果可为植被建设与管理提供参考,为毛乌素沙地生态保育和生物多样性的保护提供科学依据。Aims:During the first two decades of the 21st century,China has made remarkable progress in desertification control.The area of desertified and degraded grassland has been decreasing and the amount of vegetation has been increasing.However,it remains unclear how plant diversity varies during vegetation restoration.This knowledge gap hinders a full assessment of the effectiveness of desertification control efforts.Our goal was to quantify species diversity,functional diversity,and phylogenetic diversity in plant communities at different phases of vegetation restoration(semi-fixed dunes,fixed dunes,fixed dunes covered with biological soil crusts,fixed dunes with abundant herbaceous plants)in the Mu Us sandy grassland.Methods:We conducted field investigations and leaf trait measurements(leaf thickness,leaf dry matter content,leaf density,and specific leaf area)during the mid-growing season of 2020 in Yanchi,Ningxia.Based on this,we further used one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis to explore the differences and relationships among diversity indices at different phases of vegetation restoration.Results:Our results indicated that:(1)Most leaf traits exhibited no significant phylogenetic signal,implying that leaf functional traits were primarily driven by environmental factors.(2)Forα-diversity,Shannon-Wiener diversity(H),species richness(S),functional richness(FRic),and phylogenetic diversity(PD)were the lowest in plant communities at the phase of fixed dunes covered with biological soil crusts.Each of theseα-diversity parameters were not significantly different among plant communities during the other three restoration phases.Furthermore,these biodiversity indices were positively correlated with each other,suggesting coordinated changes in species diversity,functional diversity,and phylogenetic diversity during vegetation restoration.(3)Allβ-diversity indices increased with the number of transitions between phases,indicating that species composition,leaf traits,and phylogeny were consistently changing du

关 键 词：物种多样性 功能多样性 系统发育多样性 植被恢复 毛乌素沙地 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]