基于3种线粒体标记探讨中日沿海角木叶鲽遗传多样性差异  

Differences in genetic diversity of Pleuronichthys cornutus in the coastal water of China and Japan based on three mitochondrial markers

作　　者：崔静 徐明芳[1] 章群[1] 李瑶 曾晓舒 李莎 Jing Cui;Mingfang Xu;Qun Zhang;Yao Li;Xiaoshu Zeng;Sha Li(College of Life Science and Technology,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632;Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes,Yichang,Hubei 443100;Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute,China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang,Hubei 443100)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生命科学技术学院,广州510632 [2]三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌443100 [3]中国长江三峡集团有限公司中华鲟研究所,湖北宜昌443100

出　　处：《生物多样性》2022年第5期87-99,共13页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900802);三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室开放课题(0704157)。

摘　　要：角木叶鲽(Pleuronichthys cornutus)是东亚沿海重要的鲽形目经济鱼类,为更好地保护和开发利用其种质资源,有必要全面了解其遗传背景。本研究测定了中国和日本沿海7个群体200尾角木叶鲽线粒体控制区(CR)5'端、细胞色素b(Cytb)和NADH脱氢酶第二亚基(ND2)基因序列,比较不同标记在解析遗传多样性和种群结构上的可行性与有效性,阐明中日沿海角木叶鲽群体间出现遗传分化的分子机制。CR序列分析发现中日沿海7个角木叶鲽群体遗传多样性表现出较高的单倍型多样性(Hd=0.9699)和较低的核苷酸多样性(π=0.0061);各群体间无显著的遗传分化(FST=–0.0197–0.0184,P>0.05);单倍型网络未显示出明显的地理聚群和谱系结构;分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明变异主要发生在群体内部(>99.17%)。进一步通过Cytb和ND2基因分别与CR序列对比分析,结果表明群体遗传多样性均表现为高Hd(0.9683–0.9829)低π(0.0050–0.0063)模式,仅有ND2基因分析FST值(FST=0.0302,P<0.05)显示了中国碣石(GDJS)和日本明石(JAP)群体间显著的低水平遗传分化现象。CR、Cytb和ND2的单倍型网络图均无明显的地理聚类和谱系结构,AMOVA分析也显示变异主要来源于群体内(>98.39%)。种群历史动态分析结果显示,角木叶鲽可能在第四纪中更新世晚期经历了群体扩张事件,扩张时间分别为31.93–9.58万年前(CR)、27.53–22.02万年前(Cytb)和26.99–18.75万年前(ND2)。综上所述,中日沿海的角木叶鲽具有较高遗传多样性,GDJS和JAP群体间存在低度分化;ND2基因比CR和Cytb序列更适于分析角木叶鲽种群遗传结构,选择多个遗传标记可有效弥补单一标记分析遗传多样性的局限性;推测冰期两大独立避难所的形成及GDJS和JAP群体距离相隔较远是其发生遗传分化的主要原因。研究结果为中日沿海角木叶鲽渔业资源的种质保护与可持续利用提供了理论依据。Aims:Understanding genetic diversity and population structure of Pleuronichthys cornutus is essential for the sustainable conservation of threatened fishery resources.This study aims to compare the feasibility and effectiveness of different markers in analyzing genetic diversity and population structure of P.cornutus,and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of genetic differentiation between the populations of P.cornutus in the coastal water of China and Japan.Methods:A total of 200 individuals of P.cornutus from seven localities in coastal waters of China and Japan were sequenced to assess the genetic diversity and population structure based on three markers of control region(CR,549 bp),cytochrome b(Cytb,1,008 bp),and NADH subunit 2(ND2,1,044 bp).Results:CR analysis showed seven populations of P.cornutus in the coastal water of China and Japan had a high haplotype diversity(Hd=0.9699)and low nucleotide diversity(π=0.0061),a low and not significant FST values(–0.0197–0.0184,P>0.05),and a high variation within populations(99.17%),indicating that there was no genetic differentiation between the populations,and the haplotype network did not show a clear geographic clustering and genealogical structure among populations.Further analysis of five populations of P.cornutus was done by comparing the Cytb and ND2 genes with CR sequences,respectively.The analysis of genetic diversity(Hd=0.9683–0.9829,π=0.0050–0.0063),haplotype distribution,and AMOVA(>98.39%)by Cytb and ND2 genes were consistent with the results of the above analysis of CR sequence.Only the FST value(FST=0.0302,P<0.05)among populations based on the analysis of the ND2 gene revealed a significant differentiation between the Jieshi population in China and the Akashi population in Japan.The neutrality tests and mismatch analyses based on CR,Cytb,and ND2 sequences,respectively,estimated that P.cornutus may have experienced a recent demographic population expansion event.The expansion was occurred in the late Middle Pleistocene of the Quaternary,which

关 键 词：角木叶鲽 遗传多样性 控制区 细胞色素B NADH脱氢酶第二亚基 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]