灌水时期对冬小麦个体、群体结构和冠层光合作用的影响  

Effects of irrigation period on individual structure,population structure and canopy photosynthesis of winter wheat

作　　者：韩东伟 何建宁 李浩然[1] 房琴[1] 王红光[1] 李瑞奇[1] HAN Dong-wei;HE Jian-ning;LI Hao-ran;FANG Qin;WANG Hong-guang;LI Rui-qi(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院/省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省作物生长调控实验室,河北保定071000

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2022年第3期577-586,共10页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300909);国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-05);河北省高校科技研究项目(QN2018219)。

摘　　要：为了明确灌水时期对冬小麦群体个体结构特征和光合能力的影响,于2020-2021年开展田间试验,设置5个灌水处理,分别在拔节初期(T_(2)W_(1))、孕穗期(T_(3)W_(1))、起身中期+开花期(T_(1)W_(2))、拔节初期+开花期(T_(2)W_(2))、孕穗期+开花期(T_(3)W_(2))灌水,研究灌水时期对冬小麦个体结构、群体大小、冠层光分布、群体光合能力、花后各叶层衰老以及产量的影响。结果表明,在相同灌水次数下,随着春季第一水灌溉时期的推迟,上三叶(旗叶、倒二叶和倒三叶)的长度、面积、旗叶层光能截获率和灌浆前期(开花当天、花后16 d)的叶面积指数都呈降低趋势;旗叶叶耳层至倒三叶叶耳层的光合有效辐射截获率显著提高,花后16~30 d叶面积指数和叶绿素相对含量衰退减缓,单叶和群体光合速率、花后干物质积累量明显提高,但花前干物质转运量降低。结果显示,T_(2)W_(2)、T_(3)W_(2)处理籽粒产量无显著差异,但都显著高于T_(1)W_(2)处理;T_(2)W_(1)、T_(3)W_(1)处理的籽粒产量也无显著差异,但显著低于T_(1)W_(2)、T_(2)W_(2)、T_(3)W_(2)处理。综上,在本试验条件下,于拔节初期或孕穗期灌溉春季第一水加灌开花水有利于优化群体结构,从而实现增产,不灌开花水,会使产量显著减少。In order to determine the effects of irrigation period on individual structure,population structure and photosynthetic capacity of winter wheat,field experiments were carried out during 2020-2021 with five irrigation treatments.The irrigation periods were the beginning of the jointing(T_(2)W_(1)),booting stage(T_(3)W_(1)),the middle of erecting+flowering period(T_(1)W_(2)),the beginning of the jointing+flowering period(T_(2)W_(2)),booting stage+flowering period(T_(3)W_(2)).Effects of irrigation period on individual structure,group size,canopy light distribution,community photosynthetic capacity,leaf senescence after flowering and yield of winter wheat were studied.The results showed that under the same irrigation times,with the delay of the first irrigation period in spring,the length and area of the upper three leaves,the light energy interception rate of flag leaf layer and the leaf area index at the early stage of filling showed a decreasing trend.The interception rate of photosynthetically active radiation was significantly increased,the decline of leaf area index and chlorophyll relative content after anthesis was slowed down,the photosynthetic rate of single leaf and population and dry matter accumulation after anthesis were significantly increased,but the dry matter transfer volume before anthesis was decreased.The final grain yield of T_(2)W_(2) and T_(3)W_(2) had no significant difference,but was significantly higher than that of T_(1)W_(2).The yield of T_(2)W_(1) and T_(3)W_(1) had no significant difference,but was significantly lower than that of T_(1)W_(2),T_(2)W_(2) and T_(3)W_(2).In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,irrigation of the first water in spring at the early jointing stage or booting stage is beneficial to optimize population structure and increase yield,while no irrigation of flowering water significantly reduces yield.

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌水时期 个体结构 群体结构 群体光合能力 产量 

分 类 号：S512.110.1[农业科学—作物学]