秸秆有机肥替代化学氮肥对菠菜生长和氮利用率的影响  

Effects of replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer with straw organic fertilizer on the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of spinach

作　　者：潘亚杰 朱晓辉 常会庆[1,2] 李长青 朱鸿雁 张超 PAN Ya-jie;ZHU Xiao-hui;CHANG Hui-qing;LI Chang-qing;ZHU Hong-yan;ZHANG Chao(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China;Henan Xinda Animal Husbandry Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]河南新大牧业股份有限公司,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2022年第3期650-656,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：第四批智汇郑州·1125聚才计划创新领军人才项目;国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801304)。

摘　　要：合理比例的有机肥氮替代化学氮肥氮可提高作物的产量和品质,明确有机肥氮替代化学氮肥氮的合理比例对菠菜生长和氮利用效率的影响具有重要意义。本研究采用盆栽试验,以菠菜为供试蔬菜,秸秆有机肥等氮量替代化学氮肥。共设置6个处理,分别为J1(有机肥氮替代化学氮肥氮的10%),J2(有机肥氮替代化学氮肥氮的25%),J3(有机肥氮替代化学氮肥氮的50%),J4(有机肥氮替代化学氮肥氮的100%),CK(只施化学氮肥对照)和CK0(不施化学氮肥和有机肥对照),结果表明:与施化学氮肥相比,(1)在低比例有机肥等氮量替代化学氮肥条件下,菠菜产量、叶绿素含量和叶片全氮含量有所提高,100%替代条件下则会显著降低;(2)土壤养分方面,土壤全氮含量在50%和100%替代比例下显著提高,土壤碱解氮含量则在25%和50%替代比例下显著提高;(3)氮素利用率方面,10%替代比例可显著提高氮肥吸收利用率,当有机肥氮替代比例达到100%时,氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率则会显著降低。因此,在菠菜种植过程中,利用秸秆有机肥等氮量替代化学氮肥的10%~25%是维持和提高其产量及氮利用效率的合理比例。Replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer with reasonable proportion of organic fertilizer can improve crop yield and quality,and it is of great significance to clarify its impact on spinach growth and nitrogen use efficiency.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted with spinach as the test vegetable.Under equal nitrogen fertilization,straw organic fertilizer was used to replace chemical nitrogen fertilizer.A total of six treatments were set up,which were J1(replacing 10%chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer),J2(replacing 25%chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer),J3(replacing 50%chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer),J4(replacing 100%chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer),CK(chemical nitrogen fertilizer)and CK0(no chemical nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer).The results showed that compared with the treatment of chemical nitrogen fertilizer,the yield,chlorophyll content and total leaf nitrogen content of spinach were increased under low proportion substitution conditions,and significantly decreased under the condition of 100%replacement.In terms of soil nutrients,soil total nitrogen content increased significantly under the conditions of 50%replacement and 100%replacement,and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content increased significantly under the conditions of 25%replacement and 50%replacement.In terms of nitrogen use efficiency,the nitrogen absorption and use efficiency could be significantly improved under the condition of 10%replacement.When the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer reached 100%,the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and the agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer would be significantly reduced.Therefore,it is reasonable to replace 10%-25%of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with straw organic fertilizer in process of spinach planting for the maintenance and improvement of yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：秸秆有机肥 化学氮肥 菠菜 产量 氮利用率 

分 类 号：S636.1[农业科学—蔬菜学] S141.4[农业科学—园艺学]