喀斯特地区珍稀濒危铁皮石斛野外回归试验  

Re-introduction experiment of rare and endangered Dendrobium officinale in karst area

作　　者：周玉飞 罗晓青 王晓敏[1] 康专苗 张显波 ZHOU Yu-fei;LUO Xiao-qing;WANG Xiao-min;KANG Zhuan-miao;ZHANG Xian-bo(Institute of Subtropical Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingyi 562400,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院亚热带作物研究所,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2022年第3期798-805,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(2020)4Y011号,黔科合支撑(2021)一般227,黔科合重大专项(2019)3001];贵州省科学技术基金项目[黔科合LH字(2014)7700号]。

摘　　要：野外回归是珍稀濒危植物多样性保护的主要方式,将珍稀濒危植物铁皮石斛种质扩繁后回归到原生境以实现喀斯特地区铁皮石斛资源多样性保护。根据黔西南州喀斯特地区野生铁皮石斛资源原生境勘察情况,在野生铁皮石斛资源分布地兴义市则戎镇冷洞村开展铁皮石斛野外回归方式和生境条件研究,并监测回归后期铁皮石斛的适应性、生物学特性和生长情况。结果表明,铁皮石斛植于纵向堆砌岩石、植于岩石天然缝隙、植于横向堆砌岩石和捆绑于岩石的存活率分别为95.02%、91.22%、62.57%和37.59%;山脊、山鞍、山顶、山脚和山腰的铁皮石斛存活率分别为93.44%、91.81%、87.01%、84.07%和82.49%;铁皮石斛回归1年后逐渐适应野外生境,在回归2~3年内存活率变化不明显,回归4年后存活率明显下降;铁皮石斛回归初期发病率较高,为7.60%,回归1年后发病率变化不明显,回归4~5年后铁皮石斛老株多因生境变化出现腐烂现象;铁皮石斛回归初期高位芽萌发率较高,为8.47%,回归1年后高位芽萌发率明显降低,回归3年后基本不萌发高位芽;不同回归方式、生境条件和回归时间对铁皮石斛的分蘖率、新芽高、新芽粗没有明显影响。综上所述,回归方式和生境条件是影响铁皮石斛野外回归成败的主要因素,植于纵向堆砌岩石和岩石天然缝隙的铁皮石斛存活率最高,郁闭度、通风条件、苔藓层等生境因子对铁皮石斛的适应性和生长具有一定影响。Re-introduction is the main way to protect the diversity of rare and endangered plants.In order to protect the diversity of Dendrobium officinale resources in karst areas,the rare and endangered Dendrobium officinale germplasm was bred and returned to its original habitat.According to the investigation of the original habitat of wild Dendrobium officinale resources in karst area of southwest Guizhou,the re-introdution method and habitat conditions of Dendrobium officinale were studied in Lengdong Village,Zerong Town,Xingyi City,where the wild Dendrobium resources were distributed.And the adaptability,biological characteristics and growth of Dendrobium officinale were monitored at the later stage of re-introdution.The results showed that the survival rates of Dendrobium officinale planted in longitudinal pile rocks,natural crack of rocks,transverse pile rocks and bound to rocks were 95.02%,91.22%,62.57%and 37.59%,respectively.Moreover,the survival rates of Dendrobium officinale at ridge,saddle,top,foot and mountainside were 93.44%,91.81%,87.01%,84.07%and 82.49%,respectively.Dendrobium officinale gradually adapted to the habitat after one year of re-introduction,the survival rate did not change significantly after two or three years,but decreased significantly after four years.The incidence rate of Dendrobium officinale was 7.60%at the beginning of re-introduction,did not change significantly after one year,the old Dendrobium officinale was mostly tended to rot due to habitat changes after four or five years.Relatively high germination rate of high bud was 8.47%at the beginning of re-introduction,decreased significantly after one year,and high bud dmost did not germinate after three years.The tiller rate,new bud height and diameter of Dendrobium officinale were not affected by different methods,different habitats conditions and different years.In conclusion,re-introdution methods and habitats conditions are the main factors affecting the re-introduction success or failure of Dendrobium officinale.The survival rate

关 键 词：铁皮石斛 珍稀濒危 喀斯特地区 野外回归 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]