中国果树新品种保护与DUS测试研究进展  

Research progress of plant variety protection and test for distinctness,uniformity and stability of fruit trees in China

作　　者：王燕[1,2] 田泰[1] 马艳 杨佳铭 陈隆隆 廖翊雯 罗雪文 周小杰 王小蓉 WANG Yan;TIAN Tai;MA Yan;YANG Jia-ming;CHEN Long-long;LIAO Yi-wen;LUO Xue-wen;ZHOU Xiao-jie;WANG Xiao-rong(College of Horticulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Institute of Pomology and Olericulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川农业大学果蔬研究所,四川成都611130

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2022年第3期849-864,共16页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：樱桃资源四川省科技资源共享服务平台基金项目;四川农业大学国家级大学生创新训练计划基金项目(202010626010)。

摘　　要：中国是世界第一果品生产大国,2020年果树栽培面积超过1.26×10^(7) hm^(2),总产量达2.87×10^(8) t。果树新品种保护是知识产权战略的重要组成部分,也是激励育种创新和发展现代果业的基本保障。本文对2000-2020年中国果树新品种保护现状以及品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试发展进行了综述。中国进入植物新品种保护名录且已有品种权申请记录的果树包括仁果类、核果类和浆果类等。2000-2020年,国内外共有2522个果树品种(包括少量观赏和砧木品种)提交品种权申请,1108个果树品种获得授权。蓝莓申请数量最多,为217件,其次为苹果、猕猴桃、樱花、葡萄、草莓、梨、桃、柑橘等。猕猴桃授权数量最多,为95件,其次为蓝莓、葡萄、梨和苹果。国内主体和国外主体的申请数量分别为2048件和474件,授权数量分别为960件和148件。国内申请主体中科研主体的申请数量和授权数量最多,分别达1021件和541件,表明其已成为中国果树新品种选育和种质资源创新的主体。中国各省(市、自治区)在果树新品种培育及保护意识上存在很大差异,东部和中部地区走在前列,西部地区较为落后。国外品种权申请以美国、日本和韩国为主,其中企业是最主要的申请主体。国内、国外品种权申请年限分别为2.22年和5.64年。中国果树新品种权转让实施不多,猕猴桃、苹果等走在前列。中国已颁布了45个果树特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试指南,并在数量性状分级、已知品种数据库构建以及DNA分子标记辅助DUS测试等方面取得了一些进展。建议进一步扩大果树品种保护名录范围,加强中国果树新品种申请国际植物新品种权的力度,采用多核苷酸多态性(MNP)等新型分子标记辅助DUS测试,提升果树新品种DUS测试效率。China is the largest fruit production country in the world.In 2020,the cultivation area of fruit trees is more than 1.26×10^(7) hm^(2),and the total output is 2.87×10^(8) t.The protection of new varieties of fruit trees is an important part of intellectual property strategy,and it is also the basic guarantee for encouraging breeding innovation and developing modern fruit industry.The statuses of plant variety protection and test for distinctness,uniformity and stability(DUS)of fruit trees in China from 2000 to 2020 were summarized in this paper.Fruit trees had been listed in the plant variety protection and had been submitted plant breeders’rights applications,included nuts,drupes and berries.From 2000 to 2020,a total of 2522 applications from domestic and foreign subjects were submitted,and 1108 applications were authorized.Blueberry was the species with the highest number of applications,followed by apple,kiwifruit,flowering cherry,grapevine,strawberry,pear,peach and citrus,etc.Kiwifruit was the species with the highest number of grants,followed by blueberry,grapevine,pear and apple.The number of applications by domestic and foreign entities was 2048 and 474,and the number of authorization was 960 and 148,respectively.Domestic scientific institution was the largest applicant subject with the number of applications and grants of 1021 and 541 respectively,indicating that it was the main subject for breeding new varieties of fruit trees and innovating germplasm resources in China.Compared with western region,eastern and central regions showed better cultivation and protection awareness of new fruit tree varieties.Foreign applications were mainly from the United States,Japan and Republic of Korea,and companies were the main applicants.The grant lag from application was 2.22 years and 5.64 years for domestic and foreign applicants.There were few examples for transfer of fruit tree plant breeders’rights,such as kiwifruit and apple.There were forty-five DUS guidelines developed for fruit trees in China.Many stud

关 键 词：果树 新品种保护 DUS测试 测试指南 分子标记 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]