超声激励热成像探测材料微缺陷的研究进展  

Research progress of ultrasonic excitation thermography for detecting material microdefects

作　　者：贾宇[1,2] 王承强 梁嘉辉[1,2] 汤雷 张盛行 JIA Yu;WANG Cheng-qiang;LIANG Jia-hui;TANG Lei;ZHANG Sheng-hang(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029 [2]水文水资源和水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《激光与红外》2022年第6期796-802,共7页Laser & Infrared

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.Y421003,No.Y421007);国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFC0407102,No.2018YFF0215005)资助。

摘　　要：工业、工程材料在服役过程中不可避免地存在缺陷的发生发展,有效识别早期的微缺陷,可将灾变处置水平推前至危害萌芽阶段,从根本上提升风险防控能力。振动着的固体因为内耗规律的存在,其振动能量将不可逆转地耗散为热,这种损耗包括超声能量衰减;内耗敏感于结构形式,可灵敏地反应固体中的缺陷结构。因此,基于超声激励红外热成像,分析被测对象温度场进而解译微缺陷结构特点的思路,逐渐得到关注;在微缺陷处有效实现超声选择性热激励,成为研究焦点。综述了超声选择性激励热成像技术的起源以及探测原理;围绕微缺陷的探测能力,重点从应用材料、缺陷分辨尺度、微缺陷声振致热机理以及超声热像探测效率4个方面,对该技术的研究现状进行了系统阐述。在此基础上,为实现微缺陷的大范围高效探明与准确解译,总结了进一步的发展方向。The inevitable occurrence and development of defects in industrial and engineering materials in the service process,effectively identify of early microdefects,can advance the level of disaster disposal to the embryonic stage of hazards,and fundamentally improve risk-controlling capabilities.The energy of vibrating solid is irreversibly dissipated to heat due to the internal friction law and the loss energy includes ultrasonic attenuation.Internal friction is sensitive to the structural form and can sensitively react to defective structures in solids.Therefore,the idea of analyzing the temperature field of the measured object and interpreting the structural characteristics of identified microdefects based on the ultrasound excitation thermography has gradually attracted research interest.The effective realization of ultrasonic selective thermal excitation at microdefects has become the focus of research.The origin and the detection principle of the ultrasound excitation thermography are summarized.Focusing on the detectivity of microdefect,the research status of this technology is systematically elaborated from four aspects:application material,defect resolution scale,sound-vibration heating mechanism of microdefect and ultrasound thermal excitation efficiency.On this basis,the further research direction is summarized to realize the large-scale efficient detection and accurate interpretation of microdefects.

关 键 词：超声波 选择性激励 热成像 材料微缺陷 发现 解译 

分 类 号：TB559[理学—物理] TN219[理学—声学]