云南省孟连县边境地区小型兽类及其寄生蚤种类组成和分布调查  

Species composition and distribution of small mammals and their parasitic fleas in the border area of Menglian county,Yunnan province,China

作　　者：浦恩念 段兴德[1] 冯志刚 刘正祥[1] 蔡文凤[1] 王剑 秦媛 李豪 唐永泉 邵宗体[1] PU En-nian;DUAN Xing-de;FENG Zhi-gang;LIU Zheng-xiang;CAI Wen-feng;WANG Jian;QIN Yuan;LI Hao;TANG Yong-quan;SHAO Zong-ti(Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Yunnan Center of Plague Control and Prevention,Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Menglian Dai,Lahu and Wa Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Menglian,Yunnan 665800,China;Pu’er City Center of Disease Control and Prevention,Pu’er,Yunnan 665000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南省鼠疫防治研究中心,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南大理671000 [2]孟连傣族拉祜族佤族自治县疾病预防控制中心,云南孟连665800 [3]普洱市疾病预防控制中心,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2022年第3期366-370,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：云南省科技厅科技计划项目(2019FB104);徐建国院士工作站(2018IC155);国家自然科学基金(81660554)。

摘　　要：目的了解云南省孟连傣族拉祜族佤族自治县(孟连县)边境地区小型兽类及其寄生蚤的物种构成、数量分布等情况,为媒介生物传染病监测和防控提供基础数据。方法2020年11月,在孟连县的2个边境乡镇利用笼捕法和夹夜法在居民区、农耕区和林区调查小型兽类的物种构成及密度,收集小型兽类体表寄生蚤,计算染蚤率和蚤指数。采用生态学方法分析小型兽类的构成和分布,采用β多样性指数进行群落相似性分析,不同生境之间的捕获率比较用χ^(2)检验。结果共捕获小型兽类313只,隶属于3目4科9属15种。黄胸鼠、黑缘齿鼠和臭鼩为优势种,分别占47.60%、20.13%和10.86%。居民区捕获率为3.25%,以黄胸鼠(97.44%)捕获较多;农耕区和林区的优势种均为黄胸鼠、黑缘齿鼠和臭鼩,小型兽类的群落相似性系数为0.80,小型兽类群落相似程度较高,捕获率分别为18.42%和19.20%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.146,P=0.703)。共获蚤99匹,隶属于1目4科7属7种,平均蚤指数为0.32,印鼠客蚤和偏远古蚤为优势种,分别占69.70%和20.20%。结论云南省孟连县边境地区鼠疫主要宿主和媒介蚤分布广泛,部分地区小型兽类捕获率及其体表蚤指数较高,建议持续开展相关监测,并对鼠、蚤密度较高的地区开展预防性灭鼠、灭蚤,降低鼠传疾病风险。Objective To investigate the species composition and distribution of small mammals and their parasitic fleas in the border area of Menglian Dai,Lahu and Wa Autonomous County(Menglian county),Yunnan province,China,and to provide basic data for the surveillance and control of vector-borne diseases.Methods In November 2020,two border townships in Menglian county were selected as the survey sites.The cage and clip trapping methods were used to investigate the species composition and density of small mammals in three habitats(residential areas,farming areas,and forest areas).Afterwards,ectoparasitic fleas were collected from the small mammals and the flea infestation rate and flea index were calculated.The ecological approach was used to analyze the species composition and distribution of the small mammals.Theβ-diversity index was used to analyze the community similarity.The Chi-square test was used to compare the capture rate between different habitats.Results A total of 313 small mammals were captured,which belonged to 15 species from 9 genera,4 families,and 3 orders.Rattus tanezumi(47.60%),R.andamanensis(20.13%),and Suncus murinus(10.86%)were the dominant species.The capture rate in residential areas was 3.25%,and most were R.tanezumi(97.44%),while R.tanezumi,R.andamanensis,and S.murinus were the dominant species in farming and forest areas.The sorensen coefficient value of small mammals in farming and forest areas was 0.80,with a relatively high community similarity.The capture rates in farming and forest areas were 18.42%and 19.20%,respectively,with no statistical difference between the two habitats(χ^(2)=0.146,P=0.703).Furthermore,a total of 99 fleas were collected and classified into 7 species of 7 genera of 4 families of 1 order,with a mean flea index of 0.32.Xenopsylla cheopis(69.70%)and Palaeopsylla remota(20.20%)were the dominant species.Conclusion The main hosts and vectors of plague are widely distributed in the border area of Menglian county,Yunnan province,and the capture rate of small mammal and thei

关 键 词：小型兽类 寄生蚤 云南省 

分 类 号：S443.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] Q969.47[农业科学—植物保护]