高温超塑性陶瓷材料及其研究进展  

Research Progress of High Temperature Superplastic Ceramics

作　　者：赵方楠 谢志鹏 ZHAO Fangnan;XIE Zhipeng(Jingdezhen Ceramic University,Jingdezhen 333043,Jiangxi,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]景德镇陶瓷大学,江西景德镇333403 [2]清华大学材料学院,北京100084

出　　处：《陶瓷学报》2022年第3期357-370,共14页Journal of Ceramics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52072201)。

摘　　要：高温超塑性陶瓷或陶瓷高温超塑性是指多晶陶瓷材料在较高的温度以及外加应力的作用下表现出异常高的延伸率的能力,且在拉伸过程中不发生颈缩或空洞。目前,细晶粒陶瓷的最大拉伸超塑性变形率可以达到1053%。越来越多的研究表明,陶瓷超塑性的变形形式除了拉伸或者压缩变形,超塑性陶瓷也可以呈现类似金属一样的某种特定形状。对于陶瓷材料超塑性机理的研究,晶界滑移是被普遍认可的一种超塑性机制,同时位错滑移和蠕变也起着一定的促进作用。分析了超塑性陶瓷的发展历程及其机理研究,综述了氧化物、非氧化物以及多种陶瓷复合材料的超塑性特性和变化规律,对这些陶瓷材料在不同条件下拉伸及压缩的变形能力进行了总结。High temperature superplastic ceramics or ceramic high temperature superplasticity means that polycrystalline ceramic materials exhibit high elongation ability at high temperatures at under applied stresses without necking or cavities during tensile process.The maximum tensile superplastic deformation rate of ceramics with fine grain m icrostructure can reach 1053%.A large number of studies indicated that,in addition to tensile or compression deformation,ceramics can also achieve a specific shape similar to that of metals.Generally,grain boundary slip is considered to be the mechanism of ceramic superplasticity,while dislocation slip and creep also play an important role.The development and mechanism of superplastic ceramics are summarized.The superplastic properties and variation of oxide,non-oxide and various composite ceramics have been discussed.The tensile and compression deformation capacities of these ceramics under different conditions are summarized.

关 键 词：超塑性 陶瓷 拉伸压缩变形 应变速率 超塑性成形 

分 类 号：TQ174.75[化学工程—陶瓷工业]