废弃养殖塘水生大型无脊椎动物群落组成特征  

Characteristics of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in abandoned fishponds

作　　者：张丹 张冠雄[5] 王可洪 王芳 刘双爽 潘远珍 袁兴中[1,2,4] ZHANG Dan;ZHANG Guan-xiong;WANG Ke-hong;WANG Fang;LIU Shuang-shuang;PAN Yuan-zhen;YUAN Xing-zhong(Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China;Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Control of Water Level Fluctuating Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-ejwironment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of the Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400030,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research Center of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River,Chongqing 401331,China;School of Life Sciences,Qufii Normal University,Qufii 273165,Shandong,China;College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing Three Gorges University,Chongqing 404000,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400030 [2]重庆大学三峡库区消落区生态修复与治理研究中心,重庆400030 [3]重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400030 [4]长江上游湿地科学研究重庆市重点实验室,重庆401331 [5]曲阜师范大学生命科学学院,山东曲阜273165 [6]重庆三峡学院环境与化学工程学院,重庆404000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2022年第6期1135-1142,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52178031)资助。

摘　　要：随着农业活动的持续,一些原本用于农业生活生产的鱼塘被废弃,成为适宜水生生物栖息的废弃塘系统。本研究调查了重庆市梁平区4个废弃塘系统与4个鱼塘(对照组)的生境结构、水质与水生大型无脊椎动物群落,以了解废弃塘系统的生境与群落结构特征。结果表明:鱼塘的水产养殖行为引起了水体营养盐浓度升高,水生植物盖度降低,从而降低了无脊椎动物的物种丰度与密度。废弃塘系统在无人为干扰条件下,呈现营养盐浓度较低、捕食与竞争压力更小、水生植物更丰富等特点,支持着更多的水生大型无脊椎动物物种丰度与密度。本研究共收集到39种水生大型无脊椎动物,其中废弃水塘中33种,鱼塘中19种,群落结构以水生昆虫为主,其次是腹足类。水生大型无脊椎动物中,腹足类和蜻蜓目对水生植物盖度产生了正相关响应,而对营养盐浓度产生了负相关响应。研究结果可为评估区域生物多样性提供科学参考。With the development of agricultural activities,some fishponds once used for agriculture have been abandoned,which are habitats suitable for aquatic organisms.We investigated habitat structure,water quality and aquatic macroinvertebrate community of four abandoned ponds and four fishponds(control groups)in Liangping District of Chongqing,to understand the characteristics of the special habitat and community structure of the assemblages.The results showed that the aquaculture of the fishponds was higher in water nutrient concentration and lower in the coverage of aquatic macrophytes,thus reducing species richness and density of macroinvertebrates.The abandoned ponds were characterized by lower nutrient concentration,less predation and competition pressure,more abundant aquatic macrophytes,supporting more species richness and density of aquatic macroinvertebrates.Thirty-nine species of aquatic macroinvertebrates were recorded in this study,including 33 species in the abandoned ponds and 19 species in the fishponds.The assemblages were dominated by aquatic insects,followed by Gastropoda.Among the aquatic macroinvertebrates,Gastropoda and Odonata had a positive correlation with the coverage of macrophytes but a negative correlation with nutrient concentration.The results can provide scientific basis for assessing regional biodiversity.

关 键 词：水生大型无脊椎动物 废弃塘系统 生物多样性 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]