外源施硒对土壤酶活性、大豆籽粒硒及氨基酸含量的影响  

Effects of exogenous selenium application on soil enzyme activities,selenium and amino acid content of soybean seeds

作　　者：张久明[1,2] 匡恩俊 宿庆瑞[1,2] 迟凤琴 李永顺[3] 石艳香 夏晓雨[4] 夏杰 刘月辉 张守林 盖如春 陈磊 ZHANG Jiuming;KUANG Enjun;SU Qingrui;CHI Fengqin;LI Yongshun;SHI Yanxiang;XIA Xiaoyu;XIA Jie;LIU Yuehui;ZHANG Shoulin;GAI Ruchun;CHEN Lei(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environmental Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang;Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang;College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang;Soybean Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang;Nenjiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Heilongjiang Province,Nenjiang 161400,Heilongjiang;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Fangzheng County in Heilongjiang Province,Fangzheng 150800,Heilongjiang)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [5]黑龙江省嫩江市农业技术推广中心,黑龙江嫩江161400 [6]黑龙江省方正县农业技术推广中心,黑龙江方正150800

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期106-113,共8页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“黑土地耕地质量评价大数据平台构建”(2021YFD1500204);农业农村部资助项目“国家大豆产业体系”(CARS-04);黑龙江省农业农村厅资助项目“黑龙江省绿色有机农业产业体系”;中国科学院先导项目“水稻土和白浆土质量与产能提升三江示范区项目”(XDA28100400);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”项目“黑土耕地资源可持续利用技术研究与示范”(HNK2019CX13)。

摘　　要：通过外源施硒,研究了大豆不同时期叶面施硒和硒拌种方式对土壤酶活性、大豆籽粒硒及氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明,不同时期叶面施硒对大豆根际土壤酶的活性影响不同,而硒拌种处理则提高了大豆根际土壤酶的活性;叶面施硒及硒拌种可以提高大豆籽粒硒含量,叶面喷施硒肥处理的大豆籽粒硒含量范围是0.12~0.67mg/kg,其中开花期喷无机硒为大豆富硒的最佳方式和时期;硒拌种处理的大豆籽粒硒含量范围为0.68~0.82mg/kg,硒拌种处理的大豆籽粒富硒效果要好于叶面施硒;不同大豆品种中以贺豆1号的聚硒能力最强,其生物富集系数为0.4,其次为金源55号,表明不同大豆品种对硒的聚集能力具有差异性;叶面施硒与硒拌种处理均在一定程度上促进了大豆多种氨基酸和总氨基酸含量的增加,提高了大豆的产量,其增产幅度为2.4%~15.0%,拌种用量60g/hm^(2)处理的大豆产量增产效果最为明显,其产量为2768.1kg/hm^(2)。The effects of foliar application of selenium and seed dressing with selenium at different stages on soil enzymeactivity,selenium content and amino acid content of soybean seeds were studied by exogenous selenium application.The results show that the effects of foliar selenium application on the enzyme activity of soybean rhizosphere soil are different indifferent periods,and selenium seed dressing increases the enzyme activity of soybean rhizosphere soil.Foliar application of selenium and seed dressing with selenium can increase the selenium content of soybean seeds.The selenium content of soybean seeds sprayed with foliar selenium fertilizer ranges from 0.12mg/kg to 0.67mg/kg,and inorganic selenium spraying at flowering stage is the best way and period for selenium enrichment of soybean.The selenium content of soybean seeds treated with selenium seed dressing ranges from 0.68mg/kg to 0.82mg/kg.The selenium enrichment effect of soybean seeds treated with selenium seed dressing is better than that of foliar selenium application.Among different soybean varieties,Hedou 1 has the strongest selenium accumulation ability,and its bioconcentration coefficient is 0.4,followed by Jinyuan 55,indicating that different soybean varieties have different selenium accumulation ability.Both foliar application of selenium and seed dressing with selenium can promote the increase of the content of various amino acids and total amino acids in soybean to a certain extent,and increase the yield of soybean,with an increase range of 2.4%~15.0%.The yield increase of soybean treated with seed dressing dosage of 60g/hm^(2) is the most obvious,with a yield of 2768.1kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：大豆 富硒 叶面喷硒 硒拌种 产量 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学] S147.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]