不同品种槟榔果实发育和生物碱含量的动态变化  

Dynamic Variation on Fruit Development and Content of Alkaloids in Different Arecanut(Areca catechu L.)Varieties

作　　者：齐兰 黄丽云[1] 唐敏敏[1] 刘立云[1] Qi Lan;Huang Liyun;Tang Minmin;Liu Liyun(Hainan Engineering Research Center of Arecanut Industry,Hainan Innovation Center of Academician Team(Arecanut Yellow Leaf Disease Control),Coconut Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Wenchang,571339)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所,海南省槟榔产业工程研究中心,槟榔黄化病综合防控院士团队创新中心,文昌571339

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第11期3776-3782,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：海南省科技项目(ZDYF2022XDNY205);海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC742);农业农村部作物种质资源保护项目(2022NWB048)共同资助

摘　　要：本研究以3种不同地理来源且果形差异大的槟榔品种为试验材料,分别为台湾种(枣形果)、海南种(椭圆形)和泰国种(长椭圆形),研究果实发育和生物碱变化过程。开花授粉后定期观察并记录从坐果到成熟过程中果实鲜重、纵径和横径,采用高效液相色谱法分析槟榔碱、槟榔次碱、去甲基槟榔碱、去甲基槟榔次碱的含量。结果表明,槟榔在开花40~140 d后果实纵径、横径和重量均处于快速增长期,果实发育早期纵径增长较快,后期以横径生长为主,鲜重增加持续至花后200 d,属于营养快速积累期。不同发育时期生物碱含量测定结果,泰国种槟榔碱含量最高,变异范围为5.59~7.47 mg/g,花后140 d达峰值,其次为槟榔次碱;台湾种槟榔果实槟榔次碱和去甲槟榔次碱含量较高,槟榔碱含量低,变异范围为0.29~2.16 mg/g,花后80 d时含量最高。海南种槟榔碱含量变异范围为2.47~3.65 mg/g,花后140 d时含量最高,去甲槟榔次碱、槟榔次碱的含量在果实发育期变化幅度较小,表明果实中的槟榔碱在青果期含量较高。本研究掌握了不同果形品种发育过程中生物碱含量变化规律,为探索槟榔果实品质形成机理和鲜果采收期的确定提供理论参考。Three arecanut varieties with different geographical origins and different fruit shapes,Taiwan variety(jujube shaped fruit),Hainan variety(oval shape)and Thailand variety(long oval shape)were used as the materials to explore the fruit development and the dynamic change of alkaloids.The fresh weight,longitudinal and transverse diameters were observed and recorded after anthesis.The HPLC analysis methods were performed on the content of arecoline,guvacoline,arecaidine and guvacine in arecanut fruits.The results showed that longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter and the fresh weight increased rapidly expanded 40~140 days after anthesis,the longitudinal diameter increased rapidly in the early stage of fruit development,the transverse diameter increased mainly during later-developing stage,The fresh weight increased until 200 days after anthesis,it was a period of rapid accumulation of nutrients.The results of alkaloid in three arecanut varieties at different developmental stages showed that Thailand variety had the highest arecoline with a variation range of 5.59~7.47 mg/g,the peak content was 140 days after anthesis,the second was arecaidine.The content of arecaidine and guvacine in Taiwan variety fruit is higher,while the content of arecoline is lower with a variation range of 0.29~2.16 mg/g,and the highest content was 80 days after anthesis.The content of arecoline in Hainan variety ranged of 2.47~3.65 mg/g,and the highest content was 140 days after anthesis,the guvacine and arecaidine displayed a narrower range variation during the fruit development.The results showed that arecoline is higher in the green fruit.In this study,the variation of alkaloids during the development of different fruit varieties were obtained,the result could provide a theoretical reference for exploring the formation mechanism of arecanut fruit quality and confirmed the best fresh fruit harvest time.

关 键 词：槟榔 果实发育 生物碱 动态变化 

分 类 号：S792.91[农业科学—林木遗传育种]