优秀跳台滑雪运动员起跳技术的生物力学分析  

Biomechanics Analysis of the Take-Off Technique of Elite Ski Jumpers

作　　者：程磊 朱旺 温朝晖 CHENG Lei;ZHU Wang;WEN Zhao-hui(Jilin Provincial Institute of Sports Science(Jilin Provincial Anti-Doping Center),Changchun 130022,China;School of Physical Education,Jilin University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省体育科学研究所(吉林省反兴奋剂中心),吉林长春130022 [2]吉林大学体育学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2022年第1期34-37,共4页China Winter Sports

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20190303130SF);国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300401)。

摘　　要：研究目的:对我国优秀运动员的起跳技术进行动作技术诊断,探究优秀跳台滑雪运动员起跳阶段的运动学特征。研究方法:以8名吉林省优秀跳台滑雪运动员为研究对象,采用3台高速摄影机,按照三维DLT法的要求,垂直于滑行方向对运动员起跳时的影像进行3次跳台滑雪拍摄,选取成绩最好的1次滑行进行研究。研究结论:在起跳阶段,与世界级运动员相比,我国优秀运动员起跳时下肢髋关节、膝关节角速度较小,踝关节角速度较大且下肢关节发力顺序存在差别,存在过早蹬伸及重心靠后等情况,并且起跳时刻身体躯干角度过大,增加了空气阻力作用。Research purposes:To diagnose the take-off technique of elite ski jumpers in my country,and to explore the kinematic characteristics of elite ski jumpers during the take-off stage.Research methods:Taking 8 outstanding ski jumpers in Jilin Province as the research objects,using 3 high-speed cameras,according to the requirements of the threedimensional DLT method,shooting the images of the athletes when they take off perpendicular to the sliding direction,and shooting the ski jumping 3 times,and the best results are selected.Research conclusion:In the take-off stage,compared with world-class athletes,Chinese elite athletes have lower angular velocities of lower extremity hip and knee joints,higher angular velocities of ankle joints,and different force sequences of lower extremity joints during take-off.Backwards,etc.,and the torso angle is too large at the time of take-off,which increases the air resistance.

关 键 词：跳台滑雪 起跳 生物力学 重心 

分 类 号：G863.12[文化科学—体育训练]