光叶紫花苕子水浸提液对4种杂草的化感作用  

Study on Allelopathic Effects of Water Extract of Vicia villosa on Four Species of Weeds

作　　者：李胜 刘蕾 周庚玲 丁子怡 陈桂华[1] LI Sheng;LIU Lei;ZHOU Gengling;DING Ziyi;CHEN Guihua(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410218,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410218

出　　处：《作物研究》2022年第3期230-237,共8页Crop Research

基　　金：湖南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202010537072)。

摘　　要：以光叶紫花苕子为供体材料,采用生物测定法分析不同质量浓度(2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、40.0 g/L)的光叶紫花苕子地上部和地下部浸提液对狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)和格桑草(Cosmos bipinnata)4种常见杂草种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理指标的影响,以期为光叶紫花苕子的化感抑草作用研究提供理论依据。结果表明:在供试浓度范围内,各光叶紫花苕子浸提液处理均显著降低了狗尾草种子发芽率,对其它3种杂草发芽率的影响则表现不一。地上部浸提液处理对狗尾草苗高呈现“低促高抑”趋势,其他处理对4种杂草的苗高、根长、鲜质量均有不同程度的影响。不同光叶紫花苕子浸提液处理对4种杂草幼苗的叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响效果不同。光叶紫花苕子的地上部和地下部水浸提液对4种杂草均有不同程度的化感作用。其中,40.0 g/L的光叶紫花苕子地上部水浸提液处理显著降低了狗尾草的发芽率、苗高、根长、鲜质量、叶绿素含量,显著提高了其POD、CAT、SOD酶活性及MDA含量;显著降低了稗草的根长和POD活性,并显著提高了其CAT活性;显著降低了马唐的发芽率、叶绿素含量、POD和SOD活性,也显著提高了其CAT活性;显著降低了格桑草的发芽率、苗高、根长、鲜质量、POD和CAT酶活性,并显著提高了其SOD酶活性和MDA含量。综合分析,40.0 g/L的光叶紫花苕子地上部水浸提液处理对4种杂草的化感作用最强,具有开发为生物除草剂的潜力。Using Vicia villosa as donor material,the effects of aboveground and underground extracts of Vicia villosa with different concentrations(2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0,40.0 g/L)on seed germination,seedling growth and physiological indexes of Setaria viridis,Echinochloa crusgalli,Digitaria sanguinalis and Cosmos bipinnata were studied by bioassay,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the study of allelopathy and herbicidal effect of Vicia villosa.The results showed that in the range of tested concentration,the seed germination rate of Setaria viridis was significantly reduced by the treatments of light leaf Vicia villosa extract,but the effect on the germination rate of the other three weeds was different.The treatment of above ground extracts showed a trend of low promoting high inhibiting on the seedling height of Setaria viridis,while other treatments had different effects on the seedling height,root length and fresh quality of the four weeds.The effects of diffe-rent Vicia villosa extract treatments on chlorophyll content,peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content of the 4 weeds seedlings were different.The water extracts of aboveground and underground parts of Vicia villosa had allelopathic effects on four kinds of weeds in different degrees.Among them,the aboveground water extract of Vicia villosa treatment of 40.0 g/L significantly decreased the germination rate,seedling height,root length,fresh weight and chlorophyll content,significantly increased the POD,CAT,SOD enzyme activity and MDA content of Setaria viridis,and which significantly decreased the root length and POD activity,and increased the CAT activity of Echinochloa crusgalli.It significantly decreased the germination rate,chlorophyll content,POD and SOD activity of Digitaria sanguinalis,and increased its CAT activity,while which significantly decreased the germination rate,seedling height,root length,fresh weight,POD and CAT activity of Cosmos bipinnata,and significantly increased its SOD activity and

关 键 词：光叶紫花苕子 杂草 化感作用 

分 类 号：S45[农业科学—植物保护]