纳米碳在含能材料中的应用进展  

Progress in the Application of Nanocarbon in Energetic Materials

作　　者：王志超 仝毅[1] 黄风雷[1] WANG Zhi-chao;TONG Yi;HUANG Feng-lei(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《含能材料》2022年第7期752-762,共11页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：纳米碳具有比表面积大、安全钝感、燃烧产物绿色无污染、与反应物接触面积大及易改性等优点,在调节高能炸药、推进剂、铝热剂等含能材料性能方面具有一定优势。本文总结了纳米碳对含能材料的分解特性、感度、力学性能、燃烧性能的影响、以及其用于含能材料检测、吸附、降解方面的应用进展。分析了典型纳米碳,如纳米金刚石、富勒烯、纳米碳纤维、碳纳米管和石墨烯在含能材料改性中的作用机理,并指出纳米碳在含能材料应用中存在的问题,提出未来的发展方向:(1)优化纳米碳制备工艺,解决纳米碳成本高、易团聚和批次差异较大等问题;(2)扩大纳米碳应用范围,探究洋葱碳等新型纳米碳结构以及改性纳米碳对含能材料性能的影响;(3)根据特定环境与纳米碳调节机理,优化纳米碳在含能材料性能提升中的应用条件。Meriting in green and pollution-free combustion products,large specific surface area,insensitive-safety,large contact area with reactants and easy modification,nanocarbon has been widely focused on tuning the performances of energetic materials(EMs)such as high explosives,propellants and thermites. This work reviews the effects of nanocarbon on the decomposition characteristics,sensitivity,mechanical performances and combustion properties of EMs. In addition,it discloses the progresses in the detection,adsorption and degradation of EMs conducted by nanocarbon. The interaction mechanisms of typical nanocarbon materials(nano-diamond,fullerene,nanocarbon fiber,carbon nanotube and graphene)in EMs have been analyzed. Within this review,issues,challenges and promising research directions existing in the application of nanocarbon in EMs are highlighted and presented.(1)Optimizing the high-cost preparation processes of nano carbon. Easy agglomeration and large batch differences of nanocarbon.(2)Expanding the application scope of nanocarbon. Exploring the effects of new-type nanocarbon such as onion carbon and modified nanocarbon on the properties of energetic materials.(3)According to the specific environment and nanocarbon regulation mechanism,the application conditions of nanocarbon in improving the properties of energetic materials are optimized. It is expected that nanocarbon materials will provide a forum for future advancement in the modifications of multifunctional EMs.

关 键 词：纳米碳 含能材料 铝热剂 推进剂 应用进展 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]