“郊区社会”与中国城乡关系的三元结构分析  

“Suburban Society”and Three-level Analysis of Urban-Rural Relations in China

作　　者：田孟 TIAN Meng

机构地区：[1]中南大学公共管理学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2022年第4期103-116,共14页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国城乡融合发展的空间社会学研究”(20&ZD149);湖南省社会科学基金青年项目“湖南农村人才流失现象及其应对之策研究”(20YBQ107);国家社会科学基金青年项目“乡村振兴背景下农村社会治理共同体培育及其生成机制研究”(21CSH042)。

摘　　要：城乡关系是转型期中国社会形态研究的重要议题。受西方理论界关于城乡二元结构理论的启发,结合中国国情和城乡发展实际,学术界对于我国城乡关系的经验跟踪和理论构建一直在做本土化的努力。本文首先分析了城乡二元结构研究的理论缘起及其在解释中国改革开放以来城乡关系及其变迁的局限性,然后梳理了学术界在不同时期试图通过构建“第三元”的方式超越城乡二元结构理论的历程,最后提出将郊区社会作为新时期城乡关系“中间单元”,丰富了既有的城乡关系理论。从改革开放到21世纪前夕,城乡之间的“第三元”主要是嵌入在乡土社会的“小城镇”;到了21世纪初期,城乡之间的“第三元”变成了“农民工”及其居住的“城中村”;在新时期,随着我国产业结构的升级和城市建设的推进,郊区经济的兴起推动了郊区社会的生成,农民工及其所从事的产业逐渐从城市核心区向郊区集聚,使郊区社会成为了当前我国城乡关系中的重要一环。尽管作为具象的郊区一直处于被摧毁和变化之中,但由于转型期的相对漫长,作为意象的郊区却处于相对稳定的状态,有了既不同于城市也不同于乡村的独特属性。为此,本文提出将郊区社会视为一个相对独立的经济社会实体,作为新时期城乡结构中的“第三元”。郊区社会是我国城乡关系形态的一个新变化,是政府制定和执行相关政策应考虑的现实因素。The relationship between urban and rural areas is an important topic in the study of China’s social form in the transitional period.Inspired by the theory of urban-rural dual structure in western theoretical circles,combined with China’s national conditions and the reality of urban-rural development,domestic academic circles continue to make localization efforts for the experience tracking and theoretical construction of China’s urban-rural relations.This paper first analyzes the theoretical origin of the research on urban-rural dual structure and its limitations in explaining the urban-rural relationship and its changes since China’s reform and opening up,then combs the process of domestic academic circles trying to surpass the urban-rural dual structure theory by building a“third yuan”in different periods,and finally puts forward the view of taking suburban society as the“intermediate unit”of urban-rural relationship in the new period,which enriches the existing urban-rural relationship theory.It is found that from the reform and opening up to the eve of the new century,the“third element”between urban and rural areas is mainly“small towns”embedded in local society;At the beginning of the new century,the“third element”between urban and rural areas has become“migrant workers”and their“villages in the city”.In the new era,with the upgrading of China’s industrial structure and the promotion of urban construction,the rise of suburban economy promotes the formation of suburban society.Migrant workers and their industries gradually accumulate from the urban core area to the suburbs,so that the suburban society has become an important link in the current urban-rural relationship in China.Although as a concrete suburb is always being destroyed and changed,but due to the relatively long transition period,the suburb as an image is in a relatively stable state and has a unique attribute that is different from both the city and the countryside.Therefore,this paper proposes to regard the

关 键 词：城乡关系 二元结构 三元分析 小城镇 城中村 郊区社会 

分 类 号：C912.8[经济管理]