机构地区:[1]昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院,昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学材料基因工程研究院,昆明650093 [3]云南锡业集团(控股)有限责任公司研发中心,昆明650106
出 处:《材料导报》2022年第13期191-200,共10页Materials Reports
基 金:云南省稀贵金属材料基因工程重大科技专项(2018ZE007,2019ZE001-3,202002AB080001);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202005AC160039)。
摘 要:Sn-Zn系无铅钎料因其熔点接近传统Sn-Pb系钎料的熔点、可兼容现有工艺、成本低廉等优点,而成为替代传统Sn-Pb钎料的重要钎料体系之一。然而,Sn-Zn系无铅钎料存在润湿性、抗氧化性、耐蚀性较差等问题,使其实际工程应用受到限制。研究表明,合金化是改善Sn-Zn系无铅钎料性能的有效途径。为改善Sn-Zn钎料的润湿性、抗氧化性、耐蚀性、力学性能及抗蠕变性能等性能,研究者提出了不同的思路和解决方法。针对Sn-Zn系钎料润湿性差的问题,主要通过合金化方式来减小钎料表面张力和抑制界面处Cu-Sn金属间化合物的产生。为提升Sn-Zn系钎料的抗氧化性能,一方面可以通过添加比Zn更活泼的元素,使之与O_(2)优先反应生成致密的氧化保护膜;另一方面可以向钎料中添加一定量的合金元素,使其与Sn或Zn形成具有抗氧化性的物相。通过合金化方式可以提高Sn-Zn系钎料腐蚀产物的钝化效果、调控富Zn相的形貌以及控制富Zn相的腐蚀扩散行为,从而提高钎料的耐蚀性。通过细晶强化、第二相强化以及固溶强化等方法可以提高Sn-Zn系钎料的力学性能,添加一定量的Ni、Sb以及RE等元素则可提高钎料的抗蠕变性能。本文系统归纳了Sn-Zn系无铅钎料合金化的最新研究进展,分析了目前Sn-Zn无铅钎料合金化研究面临的困难和挑战,并展望了其未来的发展前景,可为制备高性能Sn-Zn系无铅钎料提供一定的参考。Owing to the merits of similar eutectic melting point to the traditional Sn-Pb solders,compatibility with existing technology,and low cost etc.,the Sn-Zn lead-free solders have been considered as one of the most promising alternatives for the conventional Sn-Pb solders.However,the Sn-Zn lead-free solder has problems such as poor wettability,oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance,which limit its practical engineering application.Studies have shown that alloying is an effective way to improve the performance of Sn-Zn lead-free solders.In order to improve the wettability,oxidation resistance,corrosion resistance,mechanical properties and creep resistance of Sn-Zn solder,researchers have proposed different methods and solutions.Addressing the problem of poor wettability of Sn-Zn solders,alloying methods are mainly used to reduce its surface tension and suppress the formation of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds at the interface.To improve the oxidation resistance of Sn-Zn solders,on the one hand,elements more active than Zn can be added to react preferentially with O_(2) and then form a dense oxide protective film;on the other hand,a certain amount of alloying element can be added to the solder to form oxidation resistant phases with Sn or Zn.In addition,the passivation effect of corrosion products,the morphology of Zn-rich phase and the corrosion diffusion behavior of Zn-rich phase can be optimized by alloying method,so as to enhance the corrosion resistance of Sn-Zn solder.The mechanical properties of Sn-Zn solders are mainly improved by means of fine grain strengthening,second phase strengthening and solid solution strengthening,while the creep resistance of solders can be improved by adding a certain amount of Ni,Sb,RE and other elements.This paper summarized the latest research progress in the alloying of Sn-Zn lead-free solders systematically.Furthermore,the difficulties and challenges about the studies on Sn-Zn lead-free solders were analyzed,and its future development prospects were prospected.The purpose
关 键 词:Sn-Zn系无铅钎料 合金化 显微组织 性能
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