顺德龙江地区0~6岁食物过敏患者的过敏原检测与影响因素探讨  

Exploration on allergen detection and influencing factors of food allergy patients aged 0-6 years in Longjiang area of Shunde

作　　者：刘玲 黄颖璇 谭改玲 LIU Ling;HUANG Yingxuan;TAN Gailing(Department of Pediatrics,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District in Foshan City),Guangdong,Foshan 528318,China)

机构地区：[1]广东医科大学附属第三医院(佛山市顺德区龙江医院)儿科,广东佛山528318

出　　处：《中国医药科学》2022年第11期179-182,186,共5页China Medicine And Pharmacy

基　　金：广东省佛山市科技局医学类科技攻关项目(1920001001544)。

摘　　要：目的分析顺德龙江地区0~6岁食物过敏患儿的过敏原检测情况,并对患儿食物过敏的影响因素进行分析。方法选取2020年5月1日至2021年4月30日到广东医科大学附属第三医院(佛山市顺德区龙江医院)儿科、皮肤科和耳鼻喉科就诊的有过敏相关症状的0~6岁儿童369例作为研究组,另选同期体检健康儿童102例为对照组。对研究组患儿进行血清总免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E(SIgE)以及皮肤点刺试验检测过敏原,使用开放性口服食物激发试验进行牛奶、蛋白过敏等过敏原的检测,统计致敏食物比例及种类、引起临床过敏反应症状所需食物的最低剂量,并分析患儿食物过敏的影响因素。结果引起0~6岁儿童过敏的主要食物是牛奶和蛋白,分别占27.37%和39.02%;其次是牛肉、虾和鱼,分别占7.86%、7.59%、7.32%;开放性口服食物激发试验表明牛奶和蛋白过敏阳性率分别为92.08%和94.44%,牛奶最小食物过敏剂量为20 ml,蛋白最小食物过敏剂量为15 g。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、孕期使用抗生素、母乳喂养、父母过敏史以及挑食与儿童食物过敏有关(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄、孕期使用抗生素、父母过敏史为儿童食物过敏的危险因素,母乳喂养为儿童食物过敏的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论顺德龙江地区0~6岁食物过敏患儿主要致敏原是牛奶和蛋白,孕期避免使用抗生素,尽量早期母乳喂养,父母有过敏史的儿童做好预防,以减少儿童发生食物过敏的概率。Objective To analyze the allergen detection situation in food allergy patients aged 0-6 years in Longjiang area of Shunde,and to analyze the influencing factors of food allergy in children.Methods A total of 369 children aged 0-6 years with allergy-related symptoms who attended the Department of Pediatrics,Department of Dermatology and Department of Otolaryngology in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University(Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District in Foshan City)from May 1,2020 to April 30,2021 were selected as the study group,and another 102 children with healthy physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group.The children in the study group underwent serum total immunoglobulin E(IgE),allergen-specific immunoglobulin E(SIgE)and skin prick tests to detect allergens,and open oral food challenge test to detect milk,protein and other allergens.The proportion and type of allergenic foods,and the minimum amount of food required to cause clinical allergic symptoms were counted,and the factors affecting food allergy in children were analyzed.Results The foods causing allergy in children aged 0-6 years were mainly milk and protein,accounting for 27.37%and 39.02%,respectively,followed by beef,shrimp and fish,accounting for 7.86%,7.59%and 7.32%,respectively.The open oral food challenge test showed that the positive rates for milk and protein allergy were 92.08%and 94.44%,and the minimum amount of milk causing allergy was 20 ml and that of protein was 15 g.The univariate analysis showed that age,antibiotic use during pregnancy,breastfeeding,parental allergy history and picky eating were associated with food allergy in children(P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,antibiotic use during pregnancy and parental allergy history were risk factors,while breastfeeding was a protective factor for food allergy in children(P<0.05).Conclusion The main allergens for food allergy patients aged 0-6 years in Longjiang area of Shunde are milk and protein,and it is

关 键 词：食物过敏 流行病学 过敏原 儿童 

分 类 号：R593[医药卫生—内科学] R446.6[医药卫生—临床医学]