重庆市洪涝灾害评估研究--以2017年为例  

Evaluation of Flood Disasters in Chongqing:A Case Study of 2017

作　　者：张乾柱[1] 卢阳[1] 周火明[1] 严同金 谢谦 胡月 闫建梅[1] ZHANG Qianzhu;LU Yang;ZHOU Huoming;YAN Tongjin;XIE Qian;HU Yue;YAN Jianmei(Chongqing Branch Institute,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Chongqing 400026,China;Flood and Drought Disaster Control Office of Chongqing,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会长江科学院重庆分院,重庆400026 [2]重庆市水旱灾害防御中心,重庆401147

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2022年第2期75-84,共10页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(CKSF2020067/CQ)。

摘　　要：洪涝灾害是制约我国社会经济可持续发展的重要灾害。洪涝灾害评估研究是实现其有效防治的重要依据。本文根据《洪涝灾情评估标准》(SL 579—2012),选择死亡人口、受灾人口、农作物受灾面积、直接经济损失、水利设施经济损失、倒塌房屋、骨干交通中断历时、城市受淹历时、生命线工程中断历时等内容作为评估指标,以2017年度重庆市洪涝灾害作为研究对象,探讨境内暴雨洪灾分布规律。研究结果显示,2017年重庆市境内发生的13次区域性暴雨和1次局部暴雨,共计造成1.41×10^(6)人受灾,直接经济损失1.594×10^(9)元,其中,9月洪涝灾害损失最为严重。从受灾区域分布来看,渝东北开州、万州、巫溪等区(县)损失严重,渝西部地区灾害损失相对较轻。从场次洪涝灾害和年度洪涝评估结果来看,2017年属一般洪涝灾害年。本研究可为洪涝灾害评估提供方法借鉴,为暴雨洪灾防御工作提供数据与理论支撑。Flood is a major disaster that restricts the sustainable development of society and economy.Research on flood disaster assessment is an important basis for effective prevention and control of the disasters.According to the"Flood Disaster Assessment Standards"(SL579-2012),this paper collected the data of several evaluation indicators,including the death population,the disas⁃ter-affected population,the disaster-affected crop area,the direct economic loss,the economic loss of water conservancy facilities,the collapsed house,the duration of the interruption of backbone traffic,the duration of the city flooding,and the interruption of lifeline projects.It selected the flood disasters in 2017 in Chongqing as the research object to analyze the temporal-spatial distribu⁃tion and variation of the flood disasters.The results show that 13 regional and one local rainstorm occurred in Chongqing in 2017,and affected a total population of 1.41 million and caused a direct economic loss of 1.594 billion yuan.Particularly the flood disas⁃ter in the September was the most serious.The disaster losses were the most serious in Kaizhou,Wanzhou,Wuxi and other districts of Northeast Chongqing,while relatively less serious in the Western Chongqing.According to the historical case study and annual assessment of flood disasters,the 2017 one was only at the average level.This study can suggest a method for flood disaster assess⁃ment and provide data and theoretical support for rainstorm and flood prevention.

关 键 词：暴雨洪灾 时空变化 灾害等级评估 重庆 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]