《金匮要略》“纳药鼻中”之“药”考释  

A Textual Research on the “Medicine” of “Putting Medicine in the Nose” in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber

作　　者：邱旭东 李志鸣 钟相根 QIU Xudong;LI Zhiming;ZHONG Xianggen(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing(100029),China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中医学院,北京100029

出　　处：《浙江中医药大学学报》2022年第5期571-573,578,共4页Journal of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1709200、2019YFC1709201);北京中医药大学教育科学研究专项课题(XJZX2019)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨《金匮要略·痉湿暍病脉证并治第二》“纳药鼻中”之“药”所指的具体方药。[方法]从历代注家注疏入手,对不同观点进行源流上的梳理。同时,通过文字学考证,对“药”字在古汉语中的含义展开探讨。[结果]对于“纳药鼻中”之“药”,历代注家观点大致可归纳为三类,即随文注解、认为“药”为具有某些特性的药物、认为“药”为瓜蒂散或其类方,其中认为“纳瓜蒂于鼻中”的观点流传较广。通过文字学考证,“药”在楚方言中有指代“白芷”之意,“纳药鼻中”即是“纳白芷于鼻中”,白芷治疗鼻病也为历代医家所习用。[结论]“纳瓜蒂于鼻中”与“纳白芷于鼻中”两种观点都具有一定证据支持,但从文献学角度和仲景书体例而言,“纳药鼻中”原意应为“纳白芷于鼻中”。[Objective] To explore the specific prescriptions referred to in “putting medicine in the nose” in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber· Disease-Pulse-Syndrome Combined Treatment of Jing-Shi-Ye No.2. [Methods] Starting with the collation of the notes and commentaries of the past dynasties, sort out the origin of different views. At the same time, through textual research, this paper discussed the meaning of the word “medicine” in ancient Chinese. [Results] For the “medicine” in the “putting medicine in the nose”, the views of commentators in previous dynasties can be generally divided into three categories, that is, the notes with no further explanation, putting “medicine” as the drug with certain characteristics, and putting “medicine” as Guadi Powder or its similar formula. Among them, the view of “putting Guadi in the nose” is widely spread. Through textual research, “(Yao) medicine ” means “Angelica dahurica” in ancient Chu dialect. “Putting medicine in the nose” means “putting Angelica dahurica in the nose”. Angelica dahurica has also been used to treat nasal diseases in previous dynasties. [Conclusion] The two viewpoints of “putting Guadi in the nose” and “putting Angelica dahurica in the nose” have certain evidence support, but from the perspective of philology and book style of ZHANG Zhongjing, the original meaning of “putting medicine in the nose” should be “putting Angelica dahurica in the nose”.

关 键 词：金匮要略 纳药鼻中 药 瓜蒂 白芷 仲景原意 后世解读 

分 类 号：R276[医药卫生—中医五官科学]