论和平权与和谐权权能正当性的法理基础  

On the Jurisprudential Basis of the Legitimacy of the Right to Peace and the Right to Harmony

作　　者：莫纪宏[1] Mo Jihong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《比较法研究》2022年第3期1-12,共12页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：“和平权”与“和谐权”是近年来国内外理论界和实务界开始关注的重要人权概念和术语。“和平权”目前已经在联合国《和平权利宣言》中得到了规范化的表述,但由于在起草过程中存在很大的争议,故该宣言界定的“享有和平的权利”“免于恐惧和匮乏的自由”的内涵尚未得到国际社会的普遍认可;其要切实通过人权保护机制来得到落实,还需要作很多法理上的阐释和说明。“和谐权”概念是中国学者独特的学术创造,目的是要把中国传统文化中的“和而不同”的伦理理念引入权利制度加以规范,旨在追求一种良好的社会道德秩序。“和平权”“和谐权”可以在法理上纳入传统人权理论下生存权、人格权和自由权的范畴,但“和谐权”更具有新一代人权的特性,对“和谐权”的保护需要把传统人权保障机制下的国家和政府人权保障义务与社会组织人权保障责任和公民尊重人权义务有机结合起来,形成一个抽象与具体、手段与目的、条件与结果有机统一的人权保护体系。此外,作为从宏观层面和政策层面整体上把握人权保护制度的特征的“抓手”,构建人类命运共同体是保证“和平权”“和谐权”进入规范化的权利体系的有效的制度平台和法理基础。The"right to peace"and the"right to harmony"are two important concepts of human rights that have in recent years become the areas of concern in theory and practice both at home and abroad.In fact,the"right to peace"has found standardized expression in the United Nations'Declaration on the Right to Peace,in spite of the controversy it has caused at the drafting stage of the Declaration.As the connotations of"the right to enjoy peace"and"freedom from fear and want"defined in it have not been universally acknowledged by the international community,further illustration and interpretation from jurisprudence are required before the Declaration is implemented through the mechanism of human rights protection.In contrast,the"right to harmony,"a unique concept that has been created by Chinese scholars with a purpose to introduce into the human rights system the idea of"harmony but different"from the ethics of Chinese cultural tradition,purports to pursue a good social moral order.Theoretically,both concepts can be incorporated into the categories of the right to subsistence,personality and freedom under the traditional theory of human rights,but the"right to harmony"displays more of the characteristics of human rights in a new era.Therefore,to protect the"right to harmony"needs to integrate the obligations of the state and government,social organizations and individuals under the traditional human rights protection mechanism,so as to form an organically composed human rights protection system that unifies the abstract and the concrete,the means and the ends,the conditions and results.In addition,as a"mechanism"to grasp the characteristics of the human rights protection system from the macro level and the holistic policy level,building a community with a shared future for mankind is an effective institutional platform and legal principle to ensure that"the Right to Peace"and"the Right to Harmony"can be integrated into the standardized rights system.

关 键 词：和平权 和谐权 基本人权 中国人权发展道路 人类命运共同体 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]