《刑法》第88条“不受追诉期限的限制”研究  

Review over the'Not Subject to the Limitation on the Period for the Prosecution'in Article 88 of Criminal Law of PRC

作　　者：阮齐林[1] Ruan Qilin

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2022年第3期109-126,共18页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：《刑法》第88条的法律后果,有延长说、终止说与中止说,其分歧在于:发生该条事由,时效应“暂停进行”并待事由消除后“恢复进行”还是“永久性停止”?我国1979年刑法创制过程中,多份草案曾基于“抗拒从严”的政策取向,将“永久追诉”之意注入“不受追诉期限的限制”的规定中,由此形成的前见影响到对1997年《刑法》第88条的理解。终止说和延长说均是受其影响的典例。基于历史原因形成的解释前见并非不可逾越,比起我国1979年刑法第77条,1997年《刑法》第88条适用范围扩大,适用事由的对抗司法程度降低,相应地,对其法律后果的理解也应转向中止说。法定事由发生,时效暂停进行;法定事由消除,时效自各阶段办案期限届满之日恢复进行,终结于刑事诉讼过程的终点。以“时效中止”取代“时效延长”解读《刑法》第88条,具有较好的公度性和知识性。极端终止说在终止说的基础上提出认定“逃避侦查或者审判”“八不论”主张,极端扩张《刑法》第88条的适用,此说明显不妥。Regarding the legal effect of Article 88 of Criminal Law of PRC,the controversy is:when statuary causes occur,shall the limitation on the period for prosecution be permanently terminated or temporarily suspended with the possibility to resume once these causes are eliminated?Such a dispute can be traced back to the legislative process of Criminal Law 1979,during which many drafts,based on the policy of'severity for resistance,'tried to attach the meaning of permanent prosecution to the provision of'not subject to the limitation on the period for prosecution.'The foresight(Vorsicht)thus formed affects the later interpretation of Article 88 of Criminal Law 1997,typified in the Termination Doctrine and the Extension Doctrine.However,such historically-based Vorsicht is not insurmountable.For instance,compared with Article 77 of Criminal Law 1979,the application of Article 88 of Criminal Law 1997 has been expanded,and the judicial antagonism embodied has been weakened,and accordingly,the interpretation of the legal effect provided in this Article preferred the Suspension Doctrine—when the statuary causes occurred,the limitation on the period for prosecution would be suspended;when these causes were eliminated,the limitation would resume upon the expiry of case investigation at various stages,and be terminated with the ending of criminal procedure.Therefore,it will have better commensurability and rationality of knowledge to interpret the Article 88 of the current Criminal Law as the suspension rather than the extension of the limitation on the period for prosecution.In contrast,the interpretation into termination of the limitation is the extreme expansion of this article,which is advocated on the basis of"evading investigation and trial"and"eight particular circumstances,"and is not acceptable.

关 键 词：追诉时效 解释前见 时效中止 结果时说 逃避侦查或者审判 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]