数字贸易中跨境数据流动的国际法规制  

Regulation of Cross-Border Data Flows in Digital Trade through International Law

作　　者：谭观福 Tan Guanfu

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所 [2]《国际法研究》编辑部

出　　处：《比较法研究》2022年第3期169-185,共17页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色自由贸易港国际法治研究”(批准号:20&ZD205)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：跨境数据流动是进行数字贸易的前提,但各国对于跨境数据流动的规制分歧难以弥合。WTO框架下的一些安排推动了数字贸易基础设施的贸易自由化,从而促进了跨境数据流动。新近FTA通过确立“原则+例外”的规制模式为跨境数据流动构建了相对自由的法律框架;FTA还针对特殊数据规定了专门规则,包括个人数据保护和政府数据开放规则。WTO成员可以在WTO中为数据保护达成一个基本框架,成员还可以依据GATS第7条通过互认机制来协调个人数据保护标准,并加强与APEC或OECD的合作。我国对跨境数据流动的规制坚持了以风险为基础的思路,初步形成了分级分类管理的顶层设计框架。我国的国内规制措施已经与国际接轨,但还应进一步完善有关立法和标准,并加强对外协调。Cross-border data flow is the prerequisite for digital trade,but is faced with divergent regulations in different countries,and is hard to be coordinated.Currently,it is facilitated through some arrangements under the framework of WTO that promote the liberalization of digital trade infrastructures.It is also regulated through the newly concluded FTAs,which have established a relatively freer legal framework by adopting a regulatory model of"principle plus exception."The FTAs have also set down special rules for cross-border flow of particular data,including the rules for protecting personal data and for opening government data.Thus,the WTO members may negotiate a basic framework for data protection within the multilateral trading system,or they may also coordinate national standards for personal data protection through the mutual recognition mechanism under article 7 of GATS,and strengthen their cooperation with APEC or OECD.China,having sticked to risk control in the regulation of cross-border data flows,has formed a basic top-level regulatory framework that rate and classify data.Such a framework,though geared to international rules,still needs to be further improved through legislations and establishment of relevant standards,and be coordinated with that of the other countries.

关 键 词：数字贸易 跨境数据流动 国际法 WTO FTA 规制 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]