多学科视角下的秦汉砖瓦窑炉工艺技术与交流研究  

A Multi-disciplinary Study of Technical Development and Exchange of Brick-Tile Kilns during the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：李清临[1] Li Qinglin

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院

出　　处：《四川文物》2022年第3期53-66,共14页Sichuan Cultural Relics

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“中国古代砖瓦窑炉研究”(项目编号:20FKGA001)。

摘　　要：窑炉是砖瓦生产中最重要的技术设施,此前对砖瓦窑炉的研究,缺乏自然科学理论与方法的运用。通过综合运用考古学、统计学与陶瓷工艺学理论,对秦汉砖瓦窑炉的工艺技术特点进行分析,进而探讨该时期的技术交流问题。较之周代而言,秦汉砖瓦窑炉的尺寸有明显增加,从而使得单窑产量大幅提高,而这一现象与砖瓦在秦汉时期得到广泛应用密切相关。在砖瓦窑炉的构筑技术方面,秦汉时期多数地区已形成较为统一的技术规范,彼此间没有明显差异。相比之下,周代不同地区在构筑技术上具有明显的地域特异性。此外,与周代相比,秦汉时期各地在砖瓦窑炉类型上的共性也明显更大。种种迹象表明,秦汉时期各地在砖瓦窑炉技术上存在广泛交流,且交流的密切程度超过周代。This article analyzes the technical characteristics of brick-tile kilns of Qin and Han Dynasties with a synthesis application of archaeological,multivariate statistics and ceramic technology methods.The study reveals that the average size of brick-tile kilns in the Qin and Han Dynasties obviously increased compared with the Zhou Dynasty,which led to a great surge in the single-kiln output of bricks and tiles during the Qin and Han Dynasties,and this was closely related to the extensive application of bricks and tiles in this period.Regarding the construction technology of brick-tile kilns,statistical analysis shows an obviously positive correlation between the firing chamber area and the kiln bed area in most kilns,as are the relations between the chimney area and the kiln bed area,the firing chamber area and the chimney area.However,regional differences of the construction technology of brick-tile kilns are not obvious,and different types of kilns were mostly constructed with the same techniques,indicating that relatively unified standards of construction technology had been formed in most regions during the Qin-Han period.By contrast,regional differences of construction technology in the Zhou Dynasty are much more obvious,many kilns were constructed in unique ways,which suggests the lack of a relatively unified technical standard in this period.In addition,during the Qin-Han period,multi types of kilns were used in various regions,while in the Zhou Dynasty many regions had their unique types of kilns,showing that the similarities of kiln types among regions during the Qin-Han period are more obvious in comparison with the Zhou Dynasty.The signs are that the exchange of brick-tile kiln technology among different regions was quite extensive in the Qin and Han Dynasties,which was at a much higher level than that in the Zhou Dynasty.

关 键 词：秦汉时期 砖瓦窑炉 工艺技术 技术交流 

分 类 号：K878.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K232[历史地理—历史学]