高碳基肥减氮施用对土壤肥力和细菌多样性的影响  

Effects of High-carbon Basal Fertilizers Combined with Nitrogen Reduction on Soil Fertility and Bacterial Diversity

作　　者：苏梦迪 马啸[2] 胡丽涛[2] 赵龙杰[2] 彭军[2] 王欢欢 张松涛 SU Meng-Di;MA Xiao;HU Li-Tao;ZHAO Long-Jie;PENG Jun;WANG Huan-Huan;ZHANG Song-Tao(College of Tobacco Science/National Tobacco Cultivation,Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Fengdu Branch of Chongqing City Tobacco Company of China National Tobacco Corporation,Chongqing 408200,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]中国烟草总公司重庆市公司丰都分公司,重庆408200

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2022年第6期1174-1185,共12页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重庆市公司科技项目(A20201NY01-1303(2))。

摘　　要：化肥过量施用导致土壤环境恶化,严重影响作物生产。高碳基肥在改善农田土壤生态环境方面起到重要作用,对土壤肥力和微生物多样性影响较大。本研究通过田间试验,针对植烟土壤设置5个处理,NF(不施肥)、GCK(常规施肥纯氮为111 kg/hm^(2))、G3(高碳基肥料450 kg/hm^(2)+99.9 kg/hm^(2)纯氮)(减氮10%)、G5(高碳基肥料750 kg/hm^(2)+88.8 kg/hm^(2)纯氮)(减氮20%)、G7(高碳基肥料1050 kg/hm^(2)+77.7 kg/hm^(2)纯氮)(减氮30%)。采用高通量测序技术对土壤细菌多样性进行分析和土壤化学成分测定,明确高碳基肥减氮施用对土壤肥力和细菌多样性的影响。结果显示,1)高碳基肥减氮施用能够提高土壤p H、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量。移栽后90 d,G7处理的土壤pH、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾分别提高了23.49%、8.78%、20.28%和27.81%。2)高碳基肥减氮施用对细菌多样性影响较大。在门水平上,G7处理提高了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度,在移栽后30和60 d分别比对照提高了9.93%和2.28%。G3处理在移栽后60 d提高了拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度,与对照相比提高了93.42%。高碳基肥减氮施用降低了酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)相对丰度,其中G7处理在移栽后30 d降幅最大,相较于对照降低了35.39%。属水平上,G7处理在移栽后30和60 d提高了鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)的相对丰度,在移栽后60 d降低了产黄杆菌属(Rhodanobacter)的相对丰度。整体来看,G7处理对细菌多样性影响较大。3)冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)表明,土壤p H、速效钾、速效磷和碱解氮均与变形菌门、拟杆菌门、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)呈正相关关系。施用1050 kg/hm^(2)高碳基肥+77.7 kg/hm^(2)纯氮(减氮30%)对土壤肥力改善效果最优,对土壤细菌多样性影响较大。本研究为进一步探究高碳基肥减氮施用改良土壤及其对土壤微生物多样性的影响Overuse of chemical fertilizers leads to deterioration of the soil environment and severely affects crop production.High-carbon basal fertilizer plays an important role in improving soil ecological environment of farmland,it has a greater impact on soil chemical properties and microbial diversity.This study adopted field test methods,5 treatments were set up,including:NF(no fertilization),GCK(conventional fertilization of 111 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen),G3(high-carbon basal fertilizer 450 kg/hm^(2)+99.9 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen)(10% reduction in nitrogen),G5(high-carbon basal fertilizer 750 kg/hm^(2)+88.8 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen)(20% reduction in nitrogen),G7(high-carbon basal fertilizer 1050 kg/hm^(2)+77.7 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen)(30% reduction in nitrogen).The effects on soil chemical properties were studied,and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze soil bacterial diversity.These results showed that:1)High-carbon basal fertilizer combined with nitrogen reduction could increase soil pH,content of available nitrogen(N),potassium(K)and phosphorus(P).Among them,G7 had the best effect on improving soil fertility.The soil pH,contents of available nitrogen,potassium and phosphorus were increased under treatment of G7,which were 23.49%,8.78%,20.28% and 27.81% higher than those of CK,respectively(at 90 d after transplantation).2)At the phylum levels,G7 increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,which were 9.93% and 2.28% higher than CK at 30 and 60 d after transplantation,respectively.At 60 d after transplantation,G3increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,which were 93.42% higher than CK.High-carbon basal fertilizer combined with nitrogen reduced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria,at 30 d after transplantation,which G7 decreased the most by 35.39%.At the genus levels,at 30 and 60 d after transplantation,G7 significantly increased the relative abundance of Sphingomonas and Pseudarthrobacter.At 60 d after transplantation,G7 decreased the relative abundance of Rhodanobacter.A

关 键 词：高碳基肥 减氮施用 细菌多样性 植烟土壤 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]