基于众包平台的外卖实时配送订单分配与路径优化研究  

Study on the Real-Time OrderAllocation and Routing Problem of Takeout Food Distribution on Crowdsourcing Platform

作　　者：余海燕 蒋仁莲 YU Haiyan;JIANG Renlian(School of Economics and Management,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400042,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Logistics Network,Chongqing 400042,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学经济与管理学院,重庆400042 [2]智能物流网络重庆市重点实验室,重庆400042

出　　处：《工业工程与管理》2022年第2期146-152,共7页Industrial Engineering and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金资助项目(No.71702016);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJG630159,21YJG630138);重庆市教委科技项目(No.KJQN201900732);智能物流网络重庆市重点实验室开放基金项目(KLILN2018005)。

摘　　要：众包配送平台通过集结社会闲散运力,为应对激增的外卖实时配送需求提供了新的思路,其核心的订单分配与路径优化问题作为影响其配送成本与效率的关键问题受到关注。针对该问题中订单的实时性、时效性、配送员的自由性等特征,建立以平均每单配送距离以及平均每单完成时间最小为目标的实时订单分配与路径优化模型。分别设计了贪婪策略、最小差值策略用于求解该问题。最后通过大量的数值仿真研究验证了两个策略的有效性,发现最小差值策略所得的平均每单配送距离更短,贪婪策略所得的平均每单完成时间更短。进一步研究了两种策略在不同配送员容量限制、配送员数量、订单密度等参数变化时的适用性,需要控制成本宜采用最小差值策略,追求配送效率宜采取贪婪策略,研究结果可为众包配送平台的订单分配与路径优化策略的选择提供决策支持。Crowd-sourcing distribution platform provides a new idea to cope with the increasing demand of real-time delivery of takeaway by gathering social idle transport capacity.The core problem of order allocation and path optimization is concerned as the key problem affecting the distribution cost and efficiency.According to the characteristics of real-time,timeliness and the freedom of the delivery staff,a real-time order allocation and path optimization model was established with the minimum average delivery distance and average completion time of each order as the objective.Greedy strategy and minimum difference strategy were designed to solve the problem.Finally,a large number of numerical simulations were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the two strategies.It was found that the average delivery distance per order obtained by the minimum difference strategy was shorter,and that of the greedy strategy was shorter.The applicability of the two strategies was further studied when the parameters such as capacity limits,number of distributors and order density change.The minimum difference strategy should be adopted to control the cost,and greedy strategy should be adopted to pursue the distribution efficiency.The research results can provide decision support for the selection of order allocation and path optimization strategy of crowd-sourcing distribution platform.

关 键 词：实时配送 订单分配 路径优化 众包平台 外卖 

分 类 号：F252[经济管理—国民经济]