基于供应链协调的铁路运输合同契约定价策略研究  

Pricing Strategy for Railway Transportation Contract Based on Supply Chain Coordination

作　　者：周茵 安仲文 王怀相 祝宏宾 宋小满 ZHOU Yin;AN Zhongwen;WANG Huaixiang;ZHU Hongbin;SONG Xiaoman(Transportation&Economics Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Passenger Transport Department,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100844,China;Transportation Department,China Railway Qinghai-Tibet Group Co.,Ltd.,Xining 810007,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司运输及经济研究所,北京100081 [2]中国国家铁路集团有限公司客运部,北京100844 [3]中国铁路青藏集团有限公司运输部,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《铁道运输与经济》2022年第6期107-113,共7页Railway Transport and Economy

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(K2019X023)。

摘　　要：考虑到铁路运输企业与货主形成运输服务产品供应及消费的供应链关系,为使双方在分散决策情形下整体利益能够达到最优,提出基于供应链管理思想的铁路运输合同契约定价策略与服务模式。针对运输服务的易逝性、市场需求的不确定性等特征,运输企业与货主提前签订运输合同并确定计划运量,允许货主在临近发车日期调整实际运量,但需要支付因运输计划改变所带来的费用损失。运输企业通过调整计划运量未兑现时的单位补偿费用作为协调机制,来影响货主独立决策行为,在愿意共同承担因市场风险可能带来利润损失的前提下,能够实现供应链整体期望利润达到最优。通过数值模拟,在该协调机制的作用下,供应链及其成员都有望获得更高利润,符合“风险共担、利益共享”的市场法则。Railway transportation enterprises and cargo owners form a supply chain relationship involving the supply and consumption of transportation service products. To optimize the overall interests of the two parties under decentralized decision-making situations, this paper proposed pricing strategies and service modes based on supply chain management ideas for railway transportation contracts. In view of the perishability of transportation services, the uncertainty of market demand,and other characteristics, railway transportation enterprises and cargo owners sign transportation contracts in advance and determine the planned transportation volume. Cargo owners are allowed to adjust the actual transportation volume near the actual departure date but need to bear the relevant losses caused by their change of the transportation plan. Transportation enterprises can adjust the unit compensation cost for an unfulfilled planned transportation volume as a coordination mechanism to influence the cargo owners’ independent decision-making. On the premise that they are willing to jointly bear the possible losses of profits due to market risks, the expected profit of the supply chain as a whole can be optimized. Numerical simulations show that under the effect of this coordination mechanism, both the supply chain and its members are expected to gain higher profits, which means this mechanism is in line with the market law of “risk sharing and benefit sharing”.

关 键 词：供应链协调 供应链管理 铁路运输 合同契约 定价策略 

分 类 号：F532[经济管理—产业经济]