环境收入、农户福祉与保护行为  

Environmental Income,Households’Well-being and Protection Behavior

作　　者：王昌海[1,2] 谢屹[3] WANG Chang-hai;XIE Yi(Institute of Rural Development,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,100732;School of Government Management,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,102488;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,100083)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,100732 [2]中国社会科学院大学政府管理学院,102488 [3]北京林业大学经济管理学院,100083

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2022年第3期77-99,共23页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“国家公园体制改革背景下我国自然保护区管理体制研究”(项目编号:19BGL191)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：中国自然保护区建设的主要目的是抢救性保护生物多样性及生态系统,最初设计可能并没有过多考虑周边农户福祉。本文通过陕西、云南以及黑龙江三省七个国家级自然保护区周边社区的1106份有效调查农户数据,以联合国千年生态系统评估提出的人类福祉框架为基础,构建了中国自然保护周边社区农户福祉指标体系并给予量化。在文献综述基础上,本文提出了7个假设。为了检验假设的真伪,本文应用结构方程模型(SEM)拟合了环境依赖、农户总福祉以及保护行为之间的逻辑关系,同时应用方差分析检验了不同组别(保护区内外组和不同收入组)农户总福祉的差异。研究结果表明,保护区农户总福祉得分为3.66,其中物质福祉得分为4.14,安全福祉得分为4.38,健康福祉得分为4.08,社会关系福祉得分为3.66,选择和行动自由福祉得分为2.04。对于保护区周边社区的农户来讲,“环境收入”对“农户总福祉”的直接影响系数为0.561,且显著正相关;“环境收入”对“保护行为”的总影响系数为0.594,且显著正相关;“农户总福祉”对“保护行为”的直接影响路径系数为0.721,且显著正相关。与保护区内的农户家庭相比,保护区外的农户环境收入和农户总福祉更高,且在1%水平上显著。与总收入较低的农户相比,总收入较高的农户总福祉更高,但环境依赖度较低,二者均在1%水平上显著。本文得出几点启示:一是要持续完善保护区周边社区基础设施建设;二是要针对不同群体农户,积极开展可持续生计项目,增加其环境收入;三是要积极探索并落实保护区野生动物肇事补偿机制。The main purpose of the construction of China’s nature reserves is to rescue and protect biodiversity and ecosystem.The initial design may not take too much into account the well-being of surrounding households.Based on 1106 valid survey data of communities around seven national nature reserves in Shaanxi,Yunnan and Heilongjiang provinces,and based on the human well-being framework proposed by the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,this paper constructs and quantifies the well-being index system of households in communities around China’s nature reserves.Based on the literature review,Several hypotheses are proposed in the article.In order to test the authenticity of the hypothesis,structural equation model(SEM)was used to fit the logical relationship between environmental dependence,total well-being of households and protection behavior,and analysis of variance was used to test the differences of total well-being of households in different groups(inside and outside the reserve and different income groups).The results show that the total well-being score of households was 3.66,and material well-being score,safety well-being score,health well-being score,social relationship well-being score and freedom of choice and action well-being score were respectively 4.14,4.38,4.08,3.66,2.04.For the households in the communities around the reserve,the score was 0.561,which was the direct impact coefficient of"environmental income"on"total well-being of households",and there was a significant and positive correlation.The score was 0.594,which was the total influence coefficient of"environmental income"on"protection behavior",and there was a significant and positive correlation.The score was 0.721,which was the path coefficient of the direct impact of"total well-being of households"on"protection behavior",and there was a significant and positive correlation.Compared with the households in the reserve,the households outside the reserve had higher environmental income and total well-being,which was significant a

关 键 词：环境收入 农户福祉 保护行为 周边社区 结构方程模型(SEM) 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]