馆藏纸质文物上微生物的分离、鉴定及酶学性质研究——以贵州地区为例  

Isolation,identification and enzymatic properties of microorganisms on paper cultural relics in museums:a case study of Guizhou Province

作　　者：张诺 陈潇俐[1,2,3] 丁丽平 胡南[4] ZHANG Nuo;CHEN Xiaoli;DING Liping;HU Nan(Key Scientific Research Base of Paper Cultural Relics, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Nanjing 210016, China;Key Laboratory of Paper Literature Deacidification Conservation in Neoteric and Modern China, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Nanjing 210016, China;Nanjing Museum, Nanjing 210016, China;College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China)

机构地区：[1]纸质文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,江苏南京210016 [2]近现代纸质文献脱酸保护技术文化和旅游部重点实验室,江苏南京210016 [3]南京博物院,江苏南京210016 [4]南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院,江苏南京211800

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期450-457,共8页Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1520402);国家文物局重点科研基地项目(2020ZCK104)。

摘　　要：为揭示馆藏纸质文物生物退化的关键因子,以贵州地区馆藏纸质文物为例,采用无损采样方法结合分子生物学技术对侵染微生物的种属进行了鉴定,以纤维素酶酶活、木聚糖酶酶活和蛋白酶酶活表征了微生物的降解活性。结果表明:实验共实际鉴定得到16种细菌和8种真菌,它们主要属于芽孢杆菌属、曲霉属、青霉属和双聚散霉属;馆藏环境条件和当地的气候条件是导致微生物病害的关键因素;细菌和真菌对纸质文物都有降解活性,但以曲霉属和青霉属的真菌为主,其中曲霉属的纤维素酶酶活和木聚糖酶酶活分别可达18.70和38.02 U/mL。实验结果可为后续馆藏纸质文物预防性保护工作提供依据。In order to reveal the key factors of biological degradation of paper cultural relics in museums,some deteriorated paper cultural relics in Guizhou Province were selected for the research.Nondestructive sampling method combined with molecular biology techniques were used to identify the infected microorganisms.The cellulase activity,xylanase activity and protease activity were also measured.Results showed that a total of 16 bacterial and 8 fungi strains were identified,and they mainly belonged to Bacillus,Aspergillus,Penicillium and Dicyma.The museum environment and local climate conditions were the key factors leading to microbial diseases.The main microorganisms that deteriorate collections on paper were the fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium.The cellulase activity and xylanase activity of Aspergillus were maximum of 18.70 and 38.02 U/mL respectively.The research results provide relevant data support for subsequent preventive conservation.

关 键 词：纸质文物 微生物病害 酶活 预防性保护 

分 类 号：Q939[生物学—微生物学]