芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus BC-1的烃降解特性研究  

Hydrocarbon degradation characteristics of Bacillus cereus BC-1

作　　者：张坤成 陶惟一 李霜[1] ZHANG Kuncheng;TAO Weiyi;LI Shuang(College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China;College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院,江苏南京211800 [2]南京工业大学食品与轻工学院,江苏南京211800

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期458-463,472,共7页Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51774188)。

摘　　要：从油污场地中筛选具有烃降解功能的芽孢杆菌并研究其烃代谢特征,有助于促进石油场地生物修复技术的应用实施。从大庆油田石油污染土壤中筛选获得了一株降解原油的芽孢杆菌,经过16S rDNA鉴定该菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),命名为Bacillus cereus BC-1。菌株BC-1偏好利用有机氮源,在20~37℃范围内均能高效降解原油。通过比色法测定原油降解率,菌株BC-1作用于烃降解的最适温度为30℃、最适pH为7、最适NaCl质量浓度为10 g/L,在5 d内对原油(1 g/L)的降解率达55.25%;添加生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂能够将原油降解率提升至73.8%。经GCMS分析,菌株BC-1优先降解短链烷烃,也能够降解多环芳烃。因此,该菌株在石油污染场地的微生物修复中具有潜在的应用前景。To promote the application and implementation of bioremediation technology in petroleum sites,Bacillus with hydrocarbon degradation function was screened from oil contaminated sites and its hydrocarbon metabolism characteristics were studied.A strain of Bacillus degrading crude oil was screened from the oil-contaminated soil of Daqing oilfield.The strain was identified as Bacillus cereus by 16S rDNA and named Bacillus cereus BC-1.Strain BC-1 preferred to utilize organic nitrogen sources and could efficiently degrade crude oil within the range of 20-37℃.The degradation rate of crude oil was determined by colorimetric method.The optimum temperature of strain BC-1 for hydrocarbon degradation was 30℃,the optimum pH was 7,and the optimum NaCl mass concentration was 10 g/L.The degradation rate of crude oil(1 g/L)reached 55.25%within 5 d.The addition of the biological surfactant rhamnolipid could increase the degradation rate of crude oil to 73.8%.According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis,strain BC-1 preferentially degraded short-chain alkanes and could also degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Therefore,the strain has potential application prospects in the microbial remediation of petroleum-contaminated sites.

关 键 词：生物降解 微生物修复 蜡状芽孢杆菌 鼠李糖脂 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]