构建新时代中国特色失业保障制度--坚持以人民为中心的发展思想修订《失业保险条例》的关键路径研究  

Constructing the Unemployment Insurance System with Chinese Characteristics in a New Era--Research on Critical Path to Amending the Regulations on Unemployment Insurance in Line with the People-centered Approach

作　　者：孙守纪[1] SUN Shou-ji(School of Insurance,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学保险学院,北京100029

出　　处：《中国劳动》2022年第2期48-63,共16页China Labor

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新冠肺炎疫情冲击背景下失业保险逆周期调节机制研究”,项目编号:20BGL213。

摘　　要：作为社会稳定器和减压阀,失业保险制度是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。但是面对新时代的新挑战和中国失业保险制度长久以来存在的困境,现行《失业保险条例(修订稿)》计划实施的改革力度较小,难以满足新时代对失业保险制度的新要求。为此,本文在总结和剖析中国失业保险面临的三个关键问题及其背后隐藏的主要矛盾的基础上,提出坚持以人民为中心的发展思想指导条例修订工作,构建新时代中国特色失业保险制度。新时代中国特色失业保障制度的根本特征是坚持以人民为中心的发展思想,辩证地处理好失业保险制度的道德风险效应。新时代中国特色失业保障制度具有三个关键特征:新就业形态下建立实现全覆盖的多层次失业保障制度、周期性不利冲击下建立供给侧和需求侧相互协调的逆周期调节机制和从失业保障转向就业促进过程中建立积极的就业导向的失业保障制度。这三个关键特征具有针对性地解决了中国失业保险制度面临的关键问题,同时具有内在一致性,彼此协调能够破解失业保险制度面临的主要矛盾,有助于推动《失业保险条例》修订工作,落实和坚持以人民为中心的发展思想。As a social stabilizer,social insurance system is an important part in the socialist market economy.However,facing the new challenges in a new era and long existing problems in China’s unemployment insurance system,the measures on reforming the current Unemployment Insurance Regulation(revised version)are not enough to satisfy the new demands in the new era on the unemployment insurance system.In order to improve the revised version of the Regulation,the paper analyzes three key issues,it is recommended that a people-centered approach should be taken to revise the draft regulation with an aim to constructing the unemployment security system with Chinese characteristics in t he New Earinwhicht here are three corec haracteristics:first,constructing multi-tiered unemployment insurance programs with a full coverage of various types of new and emerging employment;second,constructing both supply and demand sides of countercyclical adjustment mechanism of unemployment insurance programs in the context of unexpected shocks;third,constructing active,employment-oriented unemployment insurance programs to promote a shift from depending on unemployment insurance to employment promotion.The three core characteristics can target and address key issues in the unemployment insurance system in a consistent and coordinated way which is conducive to amending Regulations on Unemployment Insurance while implementing and adhering to the people-centered development idea.

关 键 词：新时代中国特色 以人民为中心 主要矛盾 失业保障 关键特征 道德风险 

分 类 号：F842.615[经济管理—保险]