The Influence of Biological Maturity on Dynamic Force-Time Variables and Vaulting Performance in Young Female Gymnasts  

作　　者：Sylvia Moeskops Jon L.Oliver Paul J.Read John B.Cronin Gregory D.Myer G.Gregory Haff Isabel S.Moore Rhodri S.Lloyd 

机构地区：[1]Youth Physical Development Centre,Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences,Cardiff Metropolitan University,Cyncoed Campus,Cyncoed Road,Cardiff,CF52YB,UK [2]Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand(SPRINZ),AUT University,Auckland 1142,New Zealand [3]Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance,Waikato Institute of Technology,Hamilton 3240,New Zealand [4]Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre,Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital,Doha,Qatar [5]Division of Sports Medicine,Cincinnati Children’s Hospital,Cincinnati,OH,45229,USA [6]Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery,College of Medicine,University of Cincinnati,Cincinnati,OH 45267,USA [7]The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention,Waltham,MA 02453,USA [8]Centre for Exercise and Sports Science,Edith Cowan University,Joondalup,WA 6027,Australia [9]Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and Its Prevention(ACRISP),Edith Cowan University,Joondalup,WA 6027,Australia [10]University of Gloucestershire,Gloucester,GL502RH,UK

出　　处：《Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise》2020年第4期319-329,共11页体育运动科学（英文）

摘　　要：Purpose This cross-sectional study investigated dynamic force-time variables and vaulting performance in young female gymnasts of different maturity status.Methods 120 gymnasts aged 5-14 years were sub-divided into maturity groupings using percent of predicted adult height(%PAH)attained.Participants performed three jumping protocols,the squat jump(SJ),countermovement jump(CMJ)and drop jump(DJ),before completing straight jump vaults that were recorded using two-dimensional video.Results Jumping performance improved with biological maturity evidenced by the most mature gymnasts’producing sig-nificantly more absolute force(P<0.05;all d>0.78),impulse(P<0.05;all d>0.75)and power(P<0.05;all d>0.91)than the least mature group,resulting in the greater jump heights(P<0.05;all d>0.70).While,no significant differences were observed in relative peak force across multiple tests,measures of relative peak power did significantly increase with maturity.Based upon regression analyses,maturation was found to influence vertical take-off velocity during vaulting,explaining 41%of the variance in each jumping protocol.Across all tests,the DJ was found to have the highest predictive ability of vaulting vertical take-off velocity,explaining 55%of the total variance.Conclusion Biological maturation impacts jump height and underpinning mechanical variables in young female gymnasts.Vaulting vertical take-off velocity appears to be influenced by maturation and various dynamic force-time variables,par-ticularly those during DJ,which had the highest explained total variance.

关 键 词：YOUTH MATURATION Squat jump Countermovement jump Drop jump GYMNASTICS 

分 类 号：G83[文化科学—体育训练]