铁路集便污水处置的思考及对策研究  

Thinking and Countermeasure Study on Railway Waste Sewage Disposal

作　　者：薛正 茹旭 辛思远 XUE Zheng;RU Xu;XIN Si-yuan(China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute Ltd.Beijing,China,100844)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司,北京100844

出　　处：《铁路工程技术与经济》2022年第3期1-5,共5页Railway Engineering Technology and Economy

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目——高铁动车段节水降耗综合技术方案研究,课题编号:N2020Z005。

摘　　要：随着铁路建设的不断发展和环保要求的不断提高,铁路站段的污水达标排放问题逐步凸显。由于铁路集便污水具有高氨氮、高磷、高有机物等特点,无法达到市政下水道排放标准,因此按现行规范需要将其进一步处理后达标排放。但是如果将集便废水处理后再排入下水道,同样存在一些问题,一方面污水处理设施建设、运营成本较高,另一方面由于高铁吸污站往往位于城市核心区,污水处理站建设不仅占用大量珍贵土地资源,而且对周边环境影响极大。同时相关研究资料表明,我国城市污水处理厂进水有机物质明显不足,往往需要额外投加碳源,导致运营成本居高不下。针对以上问题,本文研究提出建议由铁路部门商环保主管部门,参考城市公厕污水排放方式或酿酒类企业排放方式,制定铁路行业排放标准,将铁路污水直接排入市政管道,交由城市污水处理厂统一处理,必要时可适当增缴部分污水处理费用,不仅能大幅减少铁路建设运维成本,而且有利于城市污水处理厂运营,可实现铁路企业与市政污水处理厂的双赢。With the continuous development of railway construction and the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, the problem of sewage discharge up to standard in railway stations has gradually become prominent. Due to the characteristics of high ammonia nitrogen, high phosphorus, high organic matter, etc. the railway waste sewage cannot meet the municipal sewage discharge standard, so it needs to be further treated and discharged according to the current standards. But there are also some problems if we treat the waste water and then put it down the drain. On the one hand, the construction and operation cost of sewage treatment facilities are high. On the other hand, the construction of sewage treatment stations not only takes up a lot of precious land resources, but also has a great impact on the surrounding environment, because high-speed rail sewage suction stations are often located in the core area of the city. At the same time, relevant research data show that China’s urban sewage treatment plant influent organic matter is obviously insufficient, often need to add additional carbon sources, resulting in high operating costs. In view of the problems above, this paper proposes that the railway department and the environmental protection department should formulate the emission standard of railway industry by referring to the sewage discharge method of urban public toilets or the discharge method of brewery enterprises. The railway sewage is directly discharged into the municipal pipes and transferred to the municipal sewage treatment plant for unified treatment. If necessary, part of the sewage treatment fee can be appropriately increased, which can not only greatly reduce the railway construction operation and maintenance cost, but also conducive to the operation of the urban sewage treatment plant, and can achieve a win-win situation between the railway enterprise and the municipal sewage treatment plant.

关 键 词：集便废水 工艺选择 节支降耗 

分 类 号：F220.385[经济管理—国民经济]