切沟侵蚀预报研究进展与展望  

Advances and Prospects of Gully Erosion Prediction

作　　者：张光辉[1,2] 杨扬 符素华[1,2] 张岩 ZHANG Guanghui;YANG Yang;FU Suhua;ZHANG Yan(State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [3]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2022年第6期551-562,共12页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“黄土高原植被恢复影响切沟侵蚀的动力机制与模拟”(编号:42130701)资助.

摘　　要：切沟侵蚀是重要的土壤侵蚀类型,是小流域侵蚀泥沙的主要来源。准确预报切沟侵蚀空间分布及其强度的时空变化,对于优化小流域水土保持措施配置、维持区域粮食产能和保障区域生态安全,具有重要的理论和实践意义。地形临界模型、敏感性评价、切沟形态特征经验关系、侵蚀预报模型和景观演变模型是预测切沟发育部位、评价发育概率或估算切沟侵蚀强度的主要方法。从这些方法的基本思路与原理出发,系统分析了相关研究进展,对比了研究结果的差异并评价了各方法的优缺点。未来研究需聚焦切沟监测方法优化与数据积累、切沟演变过程与数据可比性、预报方法遴选及区域适宜性、经验模型研发与参数区域分异,以及切沟侵蚀机理研究与过程模型研发,从而为促进切沟侵蚀预报研究、阻控切沟侵蚀、保障区域社会经济可持续发展提供技术支撑。Gully erosion is an important type of soil erosion and is considered the dominant sediment source in small watersheds.Accurately predicting the spatial distribution of gully erosion and spatiotemporal variation of erosion intensity is critical for optimizing soil and water conservation measures in small watersheds,promoting regional food production,and maintaining regional ecological security.Topographic threshold models,susceptibility assessments,morphological features,erosion prediction models,and landscape evolution models are the main techniques for the location prediction of gully initiation,probability evaluation of gully erosion,and estimation of gully erosion intensity.Based on the fundamentals and principles of these methods,the findings of related studies are systematically compared and reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are determined.Future research should focus on the optimization of gully measurements and the accumulation of monitoring data,the processes of gully erosion and the comparability of related data,the selection of prediction models and their applicable regions,the development of empirical models and variability of related parameters among various regions,and the gully erosion mechanisms and the development of process-based gully erosion models.Therefore,the proposed research provides technical foundations for mitigating gully erosion and insurance for sustainable development of regional society and economics.

关 键 词：切沟侵蚀 地形临界模型 敏感性评价 侵蚀预报模型 景观演变模型 

分 类 号：P934[天文地球—自然地理学] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]