温度对日本沼虾幼体发育及成体繁殖性能的影响  

Effects of temperature on the growth and reproduction performance of Macrobrachium nipponense from zoea to postlarvae

作　　者：蒋刚 戴颖 张亚[1] 黄旭雄[1,2,3] 朱永明 JIANG Gang;DAI Ying;ZHANG Ya;HUANG Xuxiong;ZHU Yongming(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学上海市水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2022年第2期365-372,共8页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：沪农科推字(2019)第2-5号。

摘　　要：为了探究温度对日本沼虾(Macrobranchium nipponense)幼体发育及成体繁殖性能的影响,将刚孵化的日本沼虾溞状幼体分别置于21、26和31℃的恒温水体中连续培养90 d,观察其发育和成体繁殖性能。结果显示:日本沼虾个体发育速度随培养温度的升高而加快,21、26和31℃溞状幼体完全变态成仔虾所需时间分别为(54.7±1.5) d、(24.0±1.0) d和(19.3±0.6) d;实验水温不影响日本沼虾溞状幼体的成活率,但影响溞状幼体变态成仔虾的成活率,21℃组溞状幼体变态成仔虾的存活率显著低于26℃组和31℃组(P<0.05);温度影响日本沼虾的性腺发育,在90 d的试验期内,21℃组未出现抱卵个体,31℃组最早出现性成熟个体,首次抱卵时间为(55.7±5.5) d,比26℃组提前了约17 d。雌虾首次抱卵量在26℃组显著高于31℃组,但相对繁殖力两者间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验结束时26℃组日本沼虾体长和体质量均最大,且显著高于21℃组(P<0.05)。研究表明:温度影响日本沼虾的生长与发育,但不改变其相对繁殖力;高温促进性成熟个体的小型化。In order to study the effects of temperature on the growth and reproductive performance of Macrobrachium nipponense from zoea to postlarvae, the newly hatched zoea were cultured at a constant water temperature of 21 ℃, 26 ℃ or 31 ℃ under laboratory conditions respectively for 90 d.The results showed that the ontogeny rate of individual increased with the increase of temperature. The time required for the complete metamorphosis of zoea at 21 ℃, 26 ℃ and 31 ℃ into postlarvae were(54.7±1.5) d,(24.0±1.0) d and(19.3±0.6) d, respectively;The water temperature does not affect and the survival rate of zoea, but affects the survival rate of zoea metamorphosed into postlarvae, and the survival rate of zoea metamorphosed into postlarvae of 21 ℃ group was significantly lower than that of 26 ℃ group and 31 ℃ group(P<0.05);Temperature affects the gonadal development of M. nipponense. During the 90 d test period, there were no ovarian individuals in the 21 ℃ group, the first sexually mature individuals in the 31 ℃ group, and time of first berried female appeared on(55.7±5.5) d, which was about 17 d earlier than that at 26 ℃;The amount of berried eggs per female for the first time in the 26 ℃ group was significantly higher than that in the 31 ℃ group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in relative fecundity between the two groups(P>0.05). At the end of the experiment, the largest body length and body mass of M. nipponense appeared in the 26 ℃ group, which was significantly higher than that in the 21 ℃ group(P<0.05). This study suggests that temperature affects the growth and development of M. nipponense, but does not change its relative fecundity, and high temperature will promote the miniaturization of sexually mature individuals.

关 键 词：日本沼虾 温度 幼体发育 生长 繁殖性能 

分 类 号：S966.1[农业科学—水产养殖]