海洋下沉颗粒相关微生物群落的相互作用和演替  

Interaction and successional dynamics of microbial communities associated with sinking particles in the Pelagic Ocean

作　　者：许元棋 姚慧敏 刘莹[1] 李江燕 张利[3] 方家松[1,4,5] XU Yuanqi;YAO Huimin;LIU Ying;LI Jiangyan;ZHANG Li;FANG Jiasong(Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources,Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,Guangzhou 510760,Guangdong,China;State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,Department of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China;Department of Natural Science,Hawaii Pacific University,Honolulu 96813,HI,United States)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学上海深渊科学工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [2]广州海洋地质调查局自然资源部海洋矿产资源重点实验室,广东广州510760 [3]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [4]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生物与生物技术实验室,山东青岛266237 [5]夏威夷太平洋大学自然科学系,檀香山96813

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2022年第2期594-604,共11页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0310600);国家自然科学基金(41773069,91951210)。

摘　　要：采用马里亚纳海沟“挑战者深渊”50米深表层海水,并接种^(13)C标记和非标记的POM,设置0.1、10、30和60 MPa 4个压力梯度,以逐渐加压的方式模拟颗粒物沉降过程进行富集培养,探讨在模拟海洋有机颗粒物下沉过程中2种不同形式微生物的演替和相互作用的动态演变。结合稳定同位素探针技术(DNA-SIP)和16S rRNA基因的高通量测序,结果表明,19个活性OTUs被^(13)C所标记,主要隶属于α-Proteobacteria以及γ-Proteobacteria。在不同压力梯度下,附生菌或自由菌中活性OTUs的类型和丰度有显著差异。此外,微生物网络结构(network)的相互作用在高压下呈正向为主,表明着深海中存在着激烈的物种竞争,微生物群落在高压下表现出明显的分离和模块化,具体表现为network拓扑特征系数的弹性和稳定性。模拟颗粒沉降高压培养结果,重点揭示了在沉降过程中静水压力对海洋中下降颗粒物降解相关微生物的群落结构和功能的调控作用。The effects of changes in microbial communities and microbial decomposition of particulate organic matter(POM)during simulated sinking and incubation were inverstigated under progressively increased hydrostatic pressure.DNA-stable isotope probing(SIP)and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that 19 OTUs were labelled by ^(13)C,and were affiliated mostly with Bacteroidia,α-andγ-Proteobacteria in situ water.The types and abundances of active OTUs in PA or FL faction differ significantly under several pressure gradients.The results revealed the clear compositional differences between the active PAM and FLM communities.Dynamic succession between PAM and FLM occurred with increasing hydrostatic pressure.Microbial network interactions changed dramatically with pressure,dominated by positive interactions at low pressures(0.1,10 and 30 MPa)and by negative interactions at high pressure(60 MPa),suggesting strong species competition in the deep ocean.The results further showed that microbial communities exhibited clear separation and compartmentalization at high pressure,indicating network resilience and stability.The results significantly expanded the understanding of how pressure during simulated sedimentation affects the community structure and function of microbes associated with the descending particulates in the ocean.

关 键 词：附生菌 自由菌 颗粒有机物 静水压力 网络分析 DNA-SIP稳定同位素探针 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学]