或然历史中的现实宿命:《地下航线》的种族主题分析  

The Doomed Fate in Alternate History: An Analysis of Racial Themes in Underground Airlines

作　　者：张坤 李锋 ZHANG Kun;LI Feng(School of Foreign Studies,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China;Institute of Jewish Studies,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 200083,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学外语学院,上海201620 [2]上海外国语大学犹太研究所,上海200083

出　　处：《山东外语教学》2022年第3期87-95,共9页Shandong Foreign Language Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“美国南方小说内核变迁研究”(项目编号:20CWW011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国当代小说家温特斯的或然历史小说《地下航线》通过更改林肯遇刺的时间点,将美国历史置于一个新的轨道上。小说透过黑人特工维克多的经历,审视了美国种族制度的政治、经济、宗教和文化本源,种族歧视及其延伸出的种族自憎,以及“种族平等”的虚伪本质。此外,温特斯通过对未废除奴隶制的或然历史和表面种族平等的现实历史进行比较,展现其相似性背后的社会根基,揭示种族平等的不可能。本文结合种族社会建构、白人特权观念、自卑情结和种族现实主义观点,重审文学世界中的种族状况,指出不断强化的人性和斗志才是种族运动的“战利品”。Underground Airlines is an alternate history fiction written by Ben H. Winters, a contemporary American novelist, which puts American history on a new trajectory by altering the time of Lincoln’s assassination. Through the experience of Victor, a black special agent, the novel examines the political, economic, religious and cultural origins of the American racial system, racial discrimination and its extended intra-racial racism, as well as the hypocritical nature of “racial equality”;besides, by comparing the alternate history with slavery preserved and the real history with seeming racial equality, Winters unfolds the similarities between the two and their social roots, revealing the impossibility of realizing racial equality. This paper, by turning to such concepts as social construction of race, white privilege, inferiority complex and racial realism, re-examines racial conditions in literary universe, arguing that the prize of racial movement should consist of strengthened humanity and fighting will.

关 键 词：或然历史小说 本·温特斯 《地下航线》 非裔美国文学批评 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]