法官腐败及其制度防治  

Corruption of Judges and its Insitutional Prevention

作　　者：褚宸舸[1] 姜云飞 Chu Chenge;Jiang Yunfei

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学纪检监察学院、枫桥经验与社会治理研究院 [2]西北政法大学法治学院

出　　处：《廉政学研究》2022年第2期85-109,278,279,共27页Clean-Governance Study

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全面依法治国视域下司法行政职能定位及作用发挥问题研究”(20JZD021)的阶段性成果;陕西省“三秦学者”支持计划“西北政法大学基层社会法律治理研究团队”的成果。

摘　　要：本文以中国裁判文书网关于法官腐败的判决为分析对象,对党的十九大以来查处的法官腐败案件进行类案分析。法官腐败的犯罪主体虽然具有广泛性,但危害最深的主要是“关键少数”;法官腐败隐藏深,持续时间长,查处难度大;法官腐败的多发领域是民商事案件,突出表现为以案谋私、滥用职权;党政领导干部违规干预审判工作的现象和法官腐败相伴生。我国现有防治法官腐败制度存在以下问题:“一把手”不够重视法官职业伦理建设,宣传教育工作搞形式主义、走过场,实效性不强,要求空洞不具体,且多停留在文本层面,制度刚性不足;保障独立审判的去地方化和去行政化改革不够彻底;举报制度门槛较高且效能不高;法官责任追究制度规范供给不足。未来应当加强法官职业伦理宣传和教育以实现“不想腐”,完善独立审判、监督和举报制度以促进“不能腐”,完善法官责任追究制度以强化“不敢腐”,增强制度的协同性和有效性,坚持“不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐”一体推进。An analysis has been made on judges’corruption cases since the 19 th National Congress of the CPC according to the judgments of judges’corruption on the website of China Judgements Online.Although the occurence of judge corruption is widely seen,it exists among the“key minority”,which is characterized by the fact that corruption of judges is deeply hidden,long-lasting,and difficult to investigate and deal with,corruption of judges is mostly found in civil and commercial cases highlighted by the use of cases for personal gains and abuse of power,and the interference of party and government leading cadres in violation of regulations and judges corruption going hand in hand.The following problems exist in the current system to prevent and contain the corruption of judges in China:the“top leader”does not pay enough attention to the construction of judges’professional ethics,the publicity and education work is formalistic and superficial with low effectiveness and hollow and in specific requirements mostly staying at the level of the text and lacking rigidity,the reform of de-localization and de-administration to guarantee independent trials is not thorough enough,the threshold of the reporting system is relatively high but the effectiveness remains low,and the supply of norms for the system of accountability of judges is insufficient.In the future,it is suggested to strengthen the publicity and education of judges’professional ethics to realize“not wanting to be corrupt”,improve the independent trial,supervision and reporting system to promote“not being able to corrupt”,and improve the accountability system of judges to intensify“not daring to corrupt”,so as to enhance the synergy and effectiveness of the system and to advance“not dare to corrupt,not able to corrupt,and do not want to corrupt”altogether.

关 键 词：法官腐败 职业伦理 “三不”一体推进 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]